Le but de cet article est, d'une part, d'offrir une définition conceptuelle — assortie de multiples illustrations — de ce que sont les variables médiatrices et modératrices; et d'autre part, d'expliciter la manière dont ces variables doivent être traitées au plan statistique. Des exemples concrets de chaque cas envisagé théoriquement sont également repris dans l'article.
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