Formation à la recherche en troisième cycle dans plusieurs pays européens et aux Etats-Unis. Après une enquête dans les pays concernés, faite à la demande du gouvernement néerlandais, cette étude présente la situation des études et la recherche faites en troisième cycle ("graduate dans plusieurs pays européens (Pays-Bas, France, Allemagne de l'Ouest, Belgique, Danemark, Italie, Espagne, Royaume-Unis) et aux Etats-Unis. Une comparaison est faite entre le système américain et les systèmes européens, et des suggestions proposées pour le future. La conclusion du comité international concerné figure en annexe.
Drafts of the paragraphs on the Netherlands, West-Germany, France and Belgium have been checked by the appropriate authorities of theses countries. Survey finished at the end of August 1990. The contribution on Italy has been drafted by the Instituto Universitario Olandese di Storia dell'Arte at Florence. The paragraphs on UK, Denmark and Spain are based on state documents and written information from ministries and embassies. The paragraph on the USA is selected from: American Universities and Colleges, 1987, Thirteen Edition, by Walter de Gruyter Inc. Hawthorne, New York.
2.
For a more complete analyses of recent developments in the structure of postgraduate research training in The Netherlands, see: "New Structures in Postgraduate Research Training in The Netherlands" by Pim Fenger and Jaap Frankfort, in: Higher Education Management, vol. 1, n. 1, OECD, Paris, March 1989.
3.
O. Amsterdamska, Recent Developments in East/West Cooperation in Research and Higher Education , Amsterdam, 1991.
4.
S. Blume and O. Amsterdamska, Postgraduate Education in the 1980s, O. Amsterdamska, Recent Developments in East/West Cooperation in Research and HigherEducation , Amsterdam, 1991.
5.
S. Blume and O. Amsterdamska, Postgraduate Education in the 1980s, OECD, Paris, 1987.
6.
B. Bos, De opleiding van onderzoekers in de Sovjetunie, Amsterdam , 1991.
7.
D.W. Breneman, "Effects of Recent Trends in Graduate Education on University Research Capability in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics", in B. C. R. Smith and J. Karlesky (eds), The State of Academic Science, Background Papers, N.Y. Change Magazine Press1978 .
8.
Bundesminister für Bildung und Wissenschaft (BMBW), Lage und Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses, Bonn, 1986.
9.
The Danish Research Academy (Forskerakademiet), Doctoral Training in Denmark- Strategies andActions, Aarhus, 1991.
10.
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Grundsätze zur Organisation und Verwaltung von Graduiertenkollegs, Bonn, October 1990.
11.
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Merkbalatt für Anträge auf Einrichtung und Förderung von Graduiertenkollegs mit Leitfaden für die Antragstellung, Bonn, December 1990.
12.
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Postgraduate Training: Guidelines on the Provision of Training for Postgraduate Students in the Social Sciences, (Swindon, n.d.).
13.
H. Ehrhardt, "Graduiertenkollegs: Promovieren im Team", Forschung , January 1990.
14.
"European Science Foundation Scientific Networks", Supplement to ESF Communication, No. 23, October 1990.
15.
P. Fenger and J. Frankfort, "New Structures in Postgraduate Research Training in the Netherlands ", Higher Education Management, Vol. 1, No 1, March 1989.
16.
P. Fenger, J. Frankfort and E. van Veelen, Graduate Research Training in a Number of European Countries and the United States, Ministry of Education and Science, The Hague, 1990.
17.
E. Frackmann, "Resistance to Change or No Need for Change? The survival of German Higher Education in the 1990s", European Journal of Education , Vol. 25, No. 2, 1990.
18.
L. Huber, "A Field of Uncertainty: Postgraduate Studies in the Federal Republic of Germany", European Journal of Education, Vol. 21, No. 3, 1986.
19.
C. Hughes, J. Hockey and R.G. Burgess, Postgraduate Education in the United κingdom, CEDAR (Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research)?University of Warwick , Coventry, 1991.
20.
R.E. Kholer, "The PhD Machine: Building on the Collegiate Base", Isis, 1990.
21.
S. Kyvik, Graduate Research Training in the Nordic Countries, Oslo , 1991.
22.
L. Lasfargues, "Des 'écoles' pour les futurs docteurs", Le Monde, 19 January 1991.
23.
C. van Leenders, F. van Steijn and S. Blume, Hoe ver ben je? - Factoren die de voortgang van het onderzoek van AIO's aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam beïnvloeden, Vakgroep Wetenschapsdynamica , Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1991 .
24.
J.-P. Massué and G. Schinck, "Doctoral Training in Europe", Higher Education in Europe, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1987.
25.
Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de la Jeunesse et des Sports - Direction de la Recherche, Les Diplômes d'Etudes Approfondies en 1988-1989, March 1989.
26.
Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de la Jeunesse et des Sports - Direction de la recherche et des Etudes Doctorales, Diplômes d'Etudes Approfondies - Campagne 1990, November 1990.
27.
Ministry of Education and Science, Internationalization of Education and Research: A Policy Memorandum, The Hague, 1989.
28.
Ministry of Education and Science, Government Stance on Research Schools, The Hague, 1991.
29.
National Academy of Sciences, The Invisible University, Washington DC, NAS, 1969.
30.
National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 1985, Washington DC, 1985 .
31.
National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 1987, Washington DC, 1987 .
32.
Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress , Federally Funded Research: Decisions for a Decade, Washington DC, 1991.
33.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Universities Under Scrutiny, Paris, 1987.
34.
E.M. Phillips and D.S. Pugh, How to Get a PhD?, Milton Keynes, 1987 .
35.
Research Schools Advisory Committee, Education in Research - From Student to Independent Researcher, Ministry of Education and Science, October 1990.
36.
Science Policy Council of Finland, Review 1990: Guidelines for Science and Technology Policy in the 1990's, Helsinki, 1990.
37.
T. Shinn, "Formation par la recherche: technological training through research in France", Minerva, 1989.
38.
U. Teichler, Changing Patterns of the Higher Education System. The Experience of Three Decades, London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1988.
39.
U. Teichler, Recognition. A Typological Overview of Recognition Issues Arising in Temporary Study Abroad, Kassel, 1990 .
40.
J. Wakeford, A Sociological Study of Part-time Postgraduate Students in Sociology and Social Administration, London, ESRC, 1985.
41.
G. Winfield, The Social Science PhD, The ESRC Inquiry on Submission Rates. The Report, ESRC, London, 1987.
42.
K. Young, M.P. Fogarty and S. McRae, The Management of Doctoral Studies in the Social Sciences, PSI, London, 1987.
