Les présuppositions ontologiques et épistémologiques de la théorie sociale. La sociologie empirique s'appute sur des présuppositions épistémologlques et ontologiques qui restent en général non reconnues et nop précisées. Cette "métathéorie empirique" fait l'hypothèse que le langage s'accorde à la réalité; c'est-à-dlre, que tout concept descriptif décrit correctement la réalité; donc que tout concept descriptif peut être admis dans une théorie scientifique. Ces concepts sont supposés être compris, partagés, isolés et fixes. La mesure, ensuite, a pour rôle de refléter la priorité logique de ces concepts, mais la mesure est toujours partiale et imparfaite. La théorle de ce fait est vue comme le réseau probabiliste des relations liant les "vraies valeurs" supposées de ces concepts. Cependant l'histoire des sciences montre bien que les concepts et leurs procédures de mesure changent au cours du temps, en vue d'améliorer et de rendre plus fortes les théories. Les présupposés de la métathéorie empirique sont erronées. étant donnée l'histoire de la science, et sa méthodologle fait disparaître la tendance vers le changement conceptuel et les modifications de la mesure qui sous-tendent le progrès dans les sciences naturelles. On doit considérer au contraire les concepts et leurs procédures de mesure comme étant d'abord des outils en vue du développement de la théorle et modiflables en vue de meilleures théorles.
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