A Descriptive Review of Contemporary Facelift Techniques and the Efficacy of Their Anti-Aging Effects

Abstract

Background:

Various contemporary facelift techniques with differing surgical methods have been described in the past.

Materials and Methods:

Using search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed, we performed a broad internet search of modern facelift techniques.

Results:

A total of 10 different facelift techniques—Thread, Subcutaneous, Endoscopic, SMAS Plication, Lateral SMASectomy/Imbrication, Minimal Access Cranial Suspension (MACS), SMAS Flap, High SMAS Flap, Deep Plane, and Composite—were gathered using various databases. Surgical indications for each technique differed depending on the optimal age of the patient, skin thickness and laxity, the severity of midfacial ptosis and jowling, the depth of nasolabial folds, and the degree of dissection of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). Surgical methods were distinguished based on the length and location of the surgical incision, patient recovery time, approximate longevity of results, and surgical complications.

Discussion:

Superficial facelift techniques are most effective for younger patients with early signs of aging, offering modest and short-term results due to limited SMAS manipulation. Moderately invasive methods, such as SMAS plication and MACS lifts, provide better longevity with high satisfaction at 2 years, though outcomes may decline afterward. Facelifts that target below the SMAS allow for extensive tissue repositioning and are ideal for older patients, offering long-lasting and more natural results that can exceed 10 years.

Conclusion:

Differentiating between facelift techniques provides a clear understanding of when a specific technique is indicated given the patient’s cosmetic goals. A surgical technique may be opted for based on its efficacy for treating varying signs of facial aging, the risks associated with the procedure, and long-term outcomes.