The period of the circadian rhythm of uptake of K+ by Lemna gibba strain G3 (duckweed), cultured in a flow medium, was shortened by continuous application of 0.5 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), which functions as a K+ channel blocker in both animal and plant cells. Other quaternary ammonium ions shortened the period of the rhythm in direct proportion to their ability to block K+ channels in cells of the nervous system. Ca2+ appears to be specific in its ability to antagonize this action of TEA and of its analogues.
References
1.
Adamich, M., P.C. Laris, and B.M. Sweeney (1976) In vivo evidence for a circadian rhythm in membranes of Gonyaulax. Nature261: 583-585.
2.
Armstrong, C.M. (1971) Interaction of tetraethylammonium ion derivatives with the potassium channels of giant axons. J. Gen. Physiol.58: 413-437.
Belton, P., and C. Van Netten (1971) The effects of pharmacological agents on the electrical responses of the cells of Nitella flexilis. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.49: 824-832.
5.
Bryant, H. (1976) Differential sensitivity of Aplysia neurons to TEA: Interaction with Ca++ ions. Biophys. J.16: 189a.
6.
Bunning, E., and I. Moser (1972) Influence of valinomycin on circadian leaf movement of Phaseolus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA69: 2732-2733.
7.
Bunning, E., and I. Moser (1973) Light-induced phase shift of circadian leaf movements of Phaseolus: Comparison with the effects of potassium and ethyl alcohol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA70: 3387-3389.
8.
Burgoyne, R.D. (1978) A model for the molecular basis of circadian rhythms involving monovalent ion-mediated translational control. FEBS Lett.94: 17-19.
9.
Engelmann, W., and M. Schrempf (1980) Membrane models for circadian rhythm. Photochem. Photobiol. Rev.5: 49-86.
10.
Eskin, A. (1972) Phase shifting a circadian rhythm in the eye of Aplysia by high potassium pulses. J. Comp. Physiol.80: 353-376.
11.
Goto, K. (1984) Causal relationships among metabolic circadian rhythms in Lemna. Z. Naturforsch. 39C: 73-84.
12.
Hermann, A., and A.L.F. Gorman (1981) Effects of tetraethylammonium on potassium currents in a molluscan neuron. J. Gen. Physiol.78: 87-110.
13.
Hillman, W.S. (1961) Experimental control of the flowering in Lemna: III. A relationship between medium composition and the opposite photoperiodic responses of L. perpusilla and L. gibba. Am. J. Bot.48: 413 -419.
14.
Kondo, T. (1983) Phase shift in the potassium uptake rhythm of the duckweed, Lemna gibba G3 caused by an azide pulse. Plant Physiol.73: 605-608.
15.
Kondo, T. (1984) The period of the circadian rhythm in Lemna gibba G3 is influenced by the substitution of rubidium for potassium. Plant Cell Physiol.25: 1313-1317.
16.
Kondo, T., and T. Tsudzuki (1978) Rhythm in potassium uptake by a duckweed, Lemna gibba G3. Plant Cell Physiol.19: 1465-1473.
17.
Kondo, T., and T. Tsudzuki (1980) Energy supply for potassium uptake rhythm in a duckweed, Lemna gibba G3. Plant Cell Physiol.21: 433-443.
18.
Koppenhofer, E. (1972) Die Wirkung von Kupfer, TTX Cocain und TEA auf das Ruhe- und Aktionspotential von Nitella. Pflügers Arch.336: 299-399.
19.
Nakashima, H. (1984) Calcium inhibits phase shifting of the circadian conidiation rhythm of Neurospora crassa by the calcium ionophore A23187. Plant Physiol.74: 268-271.
20.
Njus, D., F.M. Sulzmann, and J.W. Hastings (1974) Membrane model for the circadian clock. Nature248: 116-120.
21.
Schmid, H., and W. Engelmann (1987) Effects of L+, Rb+ and tetraethylammonium chloride on the locomotor activity rhythm of Musca domestica. J. Interdiscipl. Cycle Res.18: 83-102.
22.
Schwarz, W., and H. Passow (1983) Ca2+-activated K+-channels in erythrocytes and excitable cells. Ann. Rev. Physiol.45: 359-374.
23.
Shimmen, T., and T. Tazawa (1983) Activation of K+channel in membrane excitation of Nitella axilliformis. Plant Cell Physiol.24: 1511-1524.
24.
Sweeney, B.M. (1974a) The potassium content of Gonyaulax polyedra and phase changes in the circadian rhythm of stimulated bioluminescence by short exposures to ethanol and valinomycin. Plant Physiol.53: 337-342.
25.
Sweeney, B.M. (1974b) A physiological model for circadian rhythms derived from the Acetabularia paradoxes. Int. J. Chronobiol. 2: 95-110.
26.
Tasaki, I., and S. Hagiwara (1957) Demonstration of two stable potential states in the squid giant axon under tetraethylammonium chloride. J. Gen. Physiol.40: 859-885.
27.
Tazawa, M., and T. Shimmen (1980) Demonstrations of the K+-channel in the plasmalemma of tonoplastfree cells of Chara australis. Plant Cell Physiol.21: 1535-1540.
28.
Tsudzuki, T. , and T. Kondo (1979) Further studies on the potassium uptake rhythm in the long-day duckweed Lemna gibba G3 with special reference to vegetative growth. Plant Cell Physiol.20: 1079-1086.