A 12-hr dark period, at a temperature high enough to permit time measurement to occur, is necessary for maximal induction of larval diapause in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. In the present study, induction of diapause only occurred in a periodic environment. This was in the form of certain (1) light-dark (LD) cycles at a constant temperature; (2) thermo periods in constant darkness (DD), but not constant illumination (LL); and (3) LD cycles with concurrent thermoperiods. A light-break experiment protocol, in which the pulses systematically scan the cold and warm phases of a thermoperiod in DD, is discussed as a way of helping clarify how seasonal time measurement is effected in Ostrinia.
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