Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 1997-03
Clinical Applications of L-Line X-Ray Fluorescence To Estimate Bone Lead Values in Lead-Poisoned Young Children and in Children,Teenagers,and Adults From Lead-Exposed and Non-Lead-Exposed Suburban Communities in the United States
Barkla, C.G. (1906). "Polarization in secondary roentgen radiation."Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser.A77:247-255.
2.
Greenberg, A., Parkinson, D.K., Fetteroif, D.E., Puschett, J.B., Ellis, K.J., Wielopolski, L., Vaswani, A.N., Cohn, S.H., and Landrigan, P.J. (1986). "Effects of elevated lead and cadmium burdens on renal function and calcium metabolism."Arch. Environ. Heath41:69-76.
3.
Fetterolf, D.E. and Landrigan, P.J. (1986). "In vivo bone lead measurements: A rapid monitoring method for cumulative lead exposure."Am. J. Ind. Med.9:221-226.
4.
International Commission On Radiological Protection (Icrp) (1991). Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 60, Pergamon Press. Oxford, UK. pp. 4-9.
5.
Kalef-Ezra, J.A., Slatkin, D.N., Rosen, J.R., and Wielopolski, L. (1990). "Radiation risk to the human conceptus attributable to measurement of maternal tibial bone lead by L-line x-ray fluorescence."Health Phys.58:217-218.
6.
Markowitz, M.E.Bijur, P.E., Ruff, H., and Rosen, J.F. (1993). "Effects of calcium disodium versenate chelation in moderate childhood lead poisoning."Pediatrics92:265-271.
7.
National Academy Of Sciences (Nas) (1993). Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children and Other Sensitive PopulationsNational Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. National Academy Press.Washington, DC.
8.
Preiss, I.L. and Washington, W. (1995). "Skin thickness effects on in vivo LXRF." In: Advances in X-Ray Analysis. (P.K. Predecki, D.K. Bowen, J.V. Gilfrich, C.C. Goldsmith, T.C. Huang, R. Jenkins, I.C. Noyan, and D.K. Smith, eds.). 38:606-613.
9.
Rosen, J.F., Markowitz, M.E., Bijur, P.E., Jenks, S.T., Wielopoiski, L., Kalef-Ezra, J.A., et al. (1989). "L-x-ray fluorescence of cortical bone lead compared with the CaNa2EDTA test in lead-toxic children: public health implications."Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA.65:685-689,7595.
10.
Rosen, J.F., Markowitz, M.E., Bijur, P.E., Wielopoiski, L., and Slatkin, D.N. (1991). "Sequential measurements of bone lead by L-x-ray fluorescence in CaNa2EDTA-treated lead-toxic children."Environ. Health Perspect.92:271-277.
11.
Rosen, J.F. (1992). "Health effects of lead at low exposure levels: Expert consensus and rationale for lowering the definition of childhood lead poisoning."Am. J. Dis. Child146:1278-1281.
12.
Rosen, J.F. and Markowitz, M.E. (1991). "Trends in the management of childhood lead poisonings."Neurotoxicology. 14:211-218.
13.
Rosen, J.F., Crocetti, A.M., and Balbi, K. et al. (1993). "Bone lead content assessed by L-line x-ray fluorescence in lead-exposed and non-lead-exposed suburban populations in the United States."Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA)90:2789-2792.
14.
Rosen, J.F. (1995). "Development of L-line x-ray fluorescence instrumentation and its applications to in vivo measurements of lead in bone."Advances X-ray Anal.573-577.
15.
Slatkin, D.N., Kalef-Ezra, J.A., Balbi, K., Rosen, J.F., and Wielopolski, L. (1991). "Radiation risk of L-line x-ray fluorescence measurements of tibial bone lead: Radioepidemiologic considerations."Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry37:111-116.
16.
Slatkin, D.N., Kalef-Ezra, J.A., Balbi, K.E., Wielopolski, L., and Rosen, J.F. (1992). "L-line x-ray fluorescence of tibial lead: Correction and adjustment of radiation risk to ICRP 60."Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry43:319-322.
17.
Wielopolski, L., Slatkin, D.N., Vartsky, D., Ellis, K.J., and Cohn, S.H. (1981). "Feasibility study for the in vivo measurement of lead in bone using L-x-Ray fluorescence."IEEE Trans Nuclear ScienceNS-28:114-116.
18.
Wielopolski, L., Rosen, J.F., Slatkin, D.N., Vartsky, D., Ellis, K.J., and Cohn, S.H. (1983). "Feasibility of noninvasive analysis of lead in the human tibia by soft x-ray fluorescence."Med. Phys.10:248-251.
19.
Wielopolski, L., Slatkin, D.N., Kalef-Ezra, J.A., and Rosen, J.F. (1987). "Non-invasive detection of tibial bone lead in intact legs by L x-ray fluorescence."The Toxicologist Abstract. pp. 77.
20.
Wielopolski, L., Rosen, J.F., Slatkin, D.N., Zhang, R., Kalef-Ezra, J.A., Rothman, J.C., Maryanski, M., and Jenks, S.T. (1989). "In vivo measurement of cortical bone using polarized radiation."Med. Phys.16:521-528.