The protective effect of propylthiouracil against hepatotoxicity induced by chromium in adult mice

Abstract

Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), is widely recognized as potentially hepatotoxic in humans and animals. Its toxicity is associated with overproduction of free radicals, which induces oxidative damage. This study focused on the possible protective effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) against potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇). Female mice were divided into four groups (groups I–IV) with seven animals in each group. Group I served as a control, which received tap water; group II received K₂Cr₂O₇ alone (75 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (b.w.)) via drinking water; group III received both K₂Cr₂O₇ via drinking water and PTU by intramuscular injection at a dose 2.5 mg/100 g⁻¹ b.w. twice a week, and group IV received PTU alone twice a week for 30 days. Exposure of mice to Cr promoted oxidative stress with an increase in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and advanced oxidation protein product levels. Nonenzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, nonprotein thiol, vitamin C levels and enzymatic antioxidant activities such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were decreased, while catalase activity was increased. Biomarkers of liver injury such as aspartate and alanine transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase activities, bilirubin, albumin, and glucose levels were increased, while triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased. Coadministration of PTU restored the above-mentioned parameters to near-normal values. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results.