This article investigates the impact of infrastructure development on food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with a specific focus on moderating role of institutional quality. To do so, the study utilizes a panel dataset for 40 SSA countries spanning the period 2005–2022. Methodologically, the research employs the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) estimators. These techniques are adopted to robustly address potential endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence. The empirical findings demonstrate that while infrastructure development significantly enhances food security, this positive effect is substantially amplified in environments characterized by high-quality institutions. Ultimately, the results suggest that strengthening institutional frameworks is a critical lever for maximizing the returns on infrastructure investments and fostering sustainable food security across the region.
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