Identifying the approach used by those revision experts par excellence—that is, professional editors—should enable researchers to better grasp the revision process. To further explore this hypothesis, the author conducted research among professional editors, six of whom she filmed as they engaged in their practice. An analysis of their work approach strategies showed their detection strategies to consist in anticipating errors and in comparing the author's text with the editor's knowledge, which appears in a range of states: certitude, uncertainty, and ignorance. Furthermore, the participating editors used problem-solving strategies to automatically solve more than half of the problems encountered in the text. Otherwise, they used immediate or postponed strategies. This description of professional editors in action opens a number of avenues for the further research and development of in-class instruction of self-revision and professional editing.
Alamargot, D. , & Chanquoy L. (2001). General introduction. A definition of writing and a presentation of the main models . In D . Alamargot & L. Chanquoy (Eds.), Through the models of writing (pp. 1-29 ). College Studies in Writing. Boston/ Dordrecht , Netherlands/ New York / London: Kluwer .
2.
Allal, L. , Chanquoy, L. , & Largy, P. (Eds.). (2004). Revision. Cognitive and instructional processes. Boston / Dordrecht , Netherlands/ New York / London: Kluwer .
3.
Bisaillon (2005). Réviser: Un travail qui s'apprend [Editing: A work we can learn]. Unpublished manuscript, Université Laval atQuébec , Canada.
4.
Bisaillon, J. (2006, September). Towards editors profiles . Paper presented at the 10th International Conference of the EARLI Special Interest Group on Writing (Sig-writing), University of Antwerp, Belgium.
5.
Bisaillon, J. (2007a). Professional editing: Emphasis on the quality of a text and its communicative effectiveness. In D . Alamargot , D. P. Terrier , & J.-M. Cellier (Eds.), Improving the production and understanding of written documents in the workplace (pp. 77-93). New York: Kluwer .
6.
Bisaillon, J. (Ed.) (2007b). La révision professionnelle: Processus, stratégies et pratiques [Professional editing: Process, strategies, and practice]. Québec , Canada: Éditions Nota Bene .
7.
Bisaillon, J. , Fortier, G. , & Préfontaine, C. (2003, January). Le processus de révision de réviseurs professionnels: Problématique et méthodologie [Editing process of professional editors: Problematics of revision, and research methodology] . Paper presented at Les séminaires du CIRALUniversité Laval, Québec , Canada.
8.
Broekkamp, H. , & v an den Bergh, H. (1996). Attention strategies in revising a foreign language text. In G. Rijlaarsdam , H. van den Bergh , & M. Couzijn (Eds.), Writing research: Theories, models and methodology (pp. 170-181). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press .
9.
Butterfield, E. , Douglas, C. , Hacker, J. , & Albertson, L.R. (1996). Environmental, cognitive and metacognitive influences on text revision: Assessing the evidence. EducationalPsychological Review, 8(3), 239-297 .
10.
Eriksson, K.A. , & Simon, H.A. (1993). Protocol analysis. Verbal reports as data (Rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press .
11.
Fitzgerald, J. (1987). Research in revision in writing . Review of Educational Research, 57(4), 481-506 .
12.
Flower, L.S. , Hayes, J.R. , Carey, L. , Schriver, Karen S. , & Stratman, J. (1986). Detection, diagnosis, and the strategies of revision . College Composition and Communication, 37(1), 16-55 .
13.
Fortier, G. , & Préfontaine, C. (1994). Pauses et processus d'écriture [Pauses, and writing process] . Revue des sciences de l'éducation , XX(2), 209-226 .
14.
Gaunder, E.P. (1987). Revision using the word processor: Three case studies of experience student writers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania .
15.
Gufoni, V. (1996). Les protocoles verbaux comme méthode d'étude de la production écrite: Approche critique [Think aloud protocols to study written production: A critical review] . Études de linguistique appliquée , 101, 20-32 .
16.
Hacker, D.J. , Plumb, C. , Butterfield, E.C. , Quathamer, D. , & Heineken, E. (1994). Text revision: Detection and correction of errors . Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 65-78 .
17.
Hayes, J.R. (1996). A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing. In C. M. Levy & S. E. Ransdell (Eds.), The science of writing. Theories, methods and individual differences and applications (pp. 1-27). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum .
18.
Hayes, J.R. (2004). What triggers revision ? In L. Allal, L. Chanquoy, & P. Largy, Revision. Cognitive and instructional processes (pp. 9-20). Boston: Kluwer.
19.
Hayes, J.R. , Flower, L.S. , Schriver, K.S. , Stratman, J. , & Carey, L. (1987). Cognitive processes in revision. In S. Rosenberg (Ed.), Advances in applied psycholinguistics : Vol. 2. Reading, writing, and language processing (pp. 176-240). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press .
20.
Horning, A. (2002). Revision revisited. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press .
21.
Laflamme, C. (2007). L'autorévision et la révision professionnelle: Un regard sur les contextes de production de l'activité révisionnelle [Self-editing and professional editing: A look at the contexts of production in revision] . In J. Bisaillon (Ed.), La révision professionnelle: Processus, stratégies et pratiques. Québec City , Canada: Éditions Nota Bene .
22.
Magee, J.M. (1995). Grace under pressure: A qualitative and quantitative case study of the revision process of a corporation president. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania .
23.
Piolat, A. , Roussey, J.R. , Olive, T. , & Amada M. (2004). Processing time and cognitive effort in revision: Effects of error type and of working memory capacity. In L. Allal , L. Chanquoy , & P. Largy (Eds.), Revision. Cognitive and instructional processes (pp. 21-38). Boston / Dordrecht , Netherlands/ New York / London: Kluwer .
24.
Préfontaine, C. , & Fortier, G. (1997). Utilisation de la verbalisation dans des situations de recherche sur la production écrite [Verbalization in research studies of writing]. In J.-Y. Boyer & L. Savoie-Zajc , Didactique du français. Méthodes de recherche (pp. 219-228). Montréal: Les Éditions Logiques .
25.
Rijlaarsdam, G. , Couzijn, M. , & van den Bergh, H. (2004). The study of revision as a writing process and as a learning-to-write-process. In L. Allal , L. Chanquoy , & P. Largy (Eds.), Revision. Cognitive and instructional processes (pp. 189-207). Boston / Dordrecht , Netherlands/ New York / London: Kluwer .
26.
Scardamalia, M. , & Bereiter, C. (1983). The development of evaluative, diagnostic, and remedial capabilities in children's composing. In M. Martlew (Ed.), The psychology of written language: Development of educational perspectives (pp. 67-95). London: Wiley .
27.
Sperber, D. , & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition (2nd ed.)Oxford , UK: Basil Blackwell .
