The purpose of this review is to propose a conceptual framework using objectification theory and intersectionality theory to examine social media’s influence on body image and its effect on eating disorder predictors among Latina adolescents. To examine and explore how these effects from social media usage can result in mental health disparities that affect this group, emphasis was placed on how Latina ethnic identity mediates body image. Implications for clinicians and researchers include using strengths-based and culturally specific approaches as protective factors for Latina adolescents to strengthen ethnic identity.
Acevedo-PolakovichI. D.Chavez-KorellS.Umaña-TaylorA. J. (2013). U.S. Latinas/os’ ethnic identity: Context, methodological approaches, and considerations across the life span. The Counseling Psychologist, 42, 154-169. doi:10.1177/0011000013476959
2.
AckardD. M.CrollJ. K.Kearney-CookeA. (2002). Dieting frequency among college females: Association with disordered eating, body image, and related psychological problems. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52, 129-136. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00269-0
AndsagerJ. L. (2014). Research directions in social media and body image. Sex Roles, 71, 407-413. doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0430-4
5.
AyalaG. X.MickensL.GalindoP.ElderJ. P. (2007). Acculturation and body image perception among Latino youth. Ethnicity & Health, 12, 21-41. doi:10.1080/13557850600824294
6.
BoieI.LopezA. L.SassD. A. (2013). An evaluation of a theoretical model predicting dieting behaviors: Tests of measurement and structural invariance across ethnicity and gender. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 46, 114-135.
7.
BorzekowskiD. L. G.BayerA. M. (2005). Body image and media use among adolescents. Adolescent Medicine Clinics, 16, 89-313. doi:10.1016/j.admecli.2005.02.010
8.
BrooksK. D.BowlegL.QuinaK. (2010). Minority sexual status among minorities. In LoueS. (Ed.), Sexualities and identities of minority women (pp. 41-63). New York, NY: Springer.
9.
CachelinF. M.PhinneyJ. S.SchugR. A.Striegel-MooreR. H. (2006). Acculturation and eating disorders in a Mexican American community sample. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 340-347. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00309.x
10.
CachelinF. M.VeiselC.BarzegarnazariE.Striegel-MooreR. H. (2000). Disordered eating, acculturation, and treatment-seeking in a community sample of Hispanic, Asian, Black, and White women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 244-253. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00206.x
11.
CarrE. R.SzymanskiD. M. (2011). Sexual objectification and substance abuse in young adult women. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 39-66. doi:10.1177/0011000010378449
12.
CheneyA. (2010). “Most girls want to be skinny”: Body (dis)satisfaction among ethnically diverse women. Qualitative Health Research, 21, 1347-1359. doi:10.1177/1049732310392592
13.
CollinsP. H. (2000). Gender, black feminism, and black political economy. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 568, 41-53.
14.
CooleyE. (2001). Body image and personality predictors of eating disorder symptoms during the college years. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 28-36. doi:10.1002/eat.1051
15.
CrenshawK. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women. Stanford Law Review, 43, 1241-1299.
16.
de CasanovaE. M. (2004). “No ugly women”: Concepts of race and beauty among adolescent women in Ecuador. Gender & Society, 18, 287-308. doi:10.1177/0891243204263351
17.
DhamoonR. K. (2011). Considerations on mainstreaming intersectionality. Political Research Quarterly, 64, 230-243.
18.
DiazV. A.MainousA. G.IIIPopeC. (2007). Cultural conflicts in the weight loss experience of overweight Latinos. International Journal of Obesity, 31, 328.
19.
Edwards GeorgeJ. B.FrankoD. L. (2010). Cultural issues in eating pathology and body image among children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35, 231-242. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp06
20.
FardoulyJ.VartanianL. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005
21.
FrankoD. L.BeckerA. E.ThomasJ. J.HerzogD. B. (2007). Cross-ethnic differences in eating disorder symptoms and related distress. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 156-164. doi:10.1002/eat.20341
22.
FrankoD. L.CoenE. J.RoehrigJ. P.RodgersR. F.JenkinsA.LoveringM. E.CruzS. D. (2012). Considering J. Lo and Ugly Betty: A qualitative examination of risk factors and prevention targets for body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and obesity in young Latina women. Body Image, 9, 381-387.
23.
FrederickD. A.ForbesG. B.GrigorianK. E.JarchoJ. M. (2007). The UCLA Body Project I: Gender and ethnic differences in self-objectification and body satisfaction among 2,206 undergraduates. Sex Roles, 57, 317-327.
24.
FredricksonB. L.RobertsT. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental helth risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
25.
GrabeS.HydeJ. S. (2006). Ethnicity and body dissatisfaction among women in the United States: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 622-640.
26.
GranilloT.Jones-RodriguezG.CarvajalS. C. (2005). Prevalence of eating disorders in Latina adolescents: Associations with substance use and other correlates. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 214-220. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.01.015
27.
GroganS. (2012). Body image development. In CashT. F. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance (pp. 201-206). London, England: Academic Press.
28.
HainesJ.KleinmanK. P.Rifas-ShimanS. L.FieldA. E.Bryn AustinS. (2010). Examination of shared risk and protective factors for overweight and disordered eating among adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164, 336-343. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.19
29.
HainesJ.Neumark-SztainerD. (2006). Prevention of obesity and eating disorders: A consideration of shared risk factors. Health Education Research, 21, 770-782. doi:10.1093/her/cyl094
30.
HummelA. C.SmithA. R. (2015). Ask and you shall receive: Desire and receipt of feedback via Facebook predicts disordered eating concerns. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48, 436-442.
31.
KimberM.CouturierJ.GeorgiadesK.WahoushO.JackS. M. (2015). Ethnic minority status and body image dissatisfaction: A scoping review of the child and adolescent literature. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17, 1567-1579. doi:10.1007/s10903-014-0082-z
32.
KwanM. Y.GordonK. H.MinnichA. M. (2018). An examination of the relationships between acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and eating disorder symptoms among ethnic minority college students. Eating Behaviors, 28, 25-31. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.12.003
33.
LevesqueR. J. R. (2011). Objectification theory. In LevesqueR. J. R. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (pp. 24-38). New York, NY: Springer.
34.
ManzoorH.ShahedS. (2015). Gender differences in young adults’ body image and self-esteem. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 22, 107-117.
35.
Martín-AlboJ.NúñezJ. L.NavarroJ. G.GrijalvoF. (2007). The rosenberg self-esteem scale: Translation and validation in university students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10, 458-467.
36.
McCrackenA. B. (2014). The beauty trade: Youth, gender, and fashion globalization. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
37.
O’DeaJ. A. (2012). Body image and self-esteem. In CashT. E. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance (pp. 141-147). Oxford, UK: Academic Press.
38.
OparaI. (2018). Examining African American parent-daughter HIV risk communication using a Black feminist-ecological lens: Implications for intervention. Journal of Black Studies, 49, 134-151. doi:10.1177/0021934717741900
39.
PadillaA. M.PerezW. (2003). Acculturation, social identity, and social cognition: A new perspective. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 25, 35-55. doi:10.1177/0739986303251694
40.
PerloffR. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71, 363-377. doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6
41.
PhinneyJ. S. (1996). Understanding ethnic diversity: The role of ethnic identity. American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 143-152.
42.
RomoL. F.Mireles-RiosR.HurtadoA. (2015). Cultural, media, and peer influences on body beauty perceptions of Mexican American adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Research, 31, 474-501. doi:10.1177/0743558415594424
43.
SchoolerD. (2008). Real women have curves: A longitudinal investigation of TV and the body image development of Latina adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23, 132-153. doi:10.1177/0743558407310712
44.
SchoolerD.DanielsE. A. (2014). “I am not a skinny toothpick and proud of it”: Latina adolescents’ ethnic identity and responses to mainstream media images. Body Image, 11, 11-18. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.09.001
45.
ShawH.RamirezL.TrostA.RandallP.SticeE. (2004). Body image and eating disturbances across ethnic groups: More similarities than differences. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 12-18. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.18.1.12
46.
SmolakL. (2012). Risk and protective factors in body image problems: Implications for prevention. In McVeyG. L.LevineM. P.PiranN.FergusonH. B. (Eds.), Preventing eating-related and weight-related disorders: Collaborative research, advocacy, and policy change (pp. 39-46). Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
47.
SticeE. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 825-848. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.128.5.825
48.
SticeE.ShawH. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 985-993. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9
49.
StokesD. M.ClemensC. F.RiosD. I. (2016). Brown beauty: Body image, Latinas, and the media. Journal of Family Strengths, 16, 7-16.
50.
ThompsonB. W. (1992). “A way outa no way”: Eating problems among African-American, Latina, and White Women. Gender & Society, 6, 546-561. doi:10.1177/089124392006004002
51.
ThompsonJ.SticeE. (2001). Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 181-183. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00144
52.
TolaymatL. D.MoradiB. (2011). U.S. Muslim women and body image: Links among objectification theory constructs and the hijab. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 383-392.
53.
Umaña-TaylorA. J.DiversiM.FineM. A. (2002). Ethnic identity and self-esteem of Latino adolescents: Distinctions among the Latino populations. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17, 303-327.
54.
Umaña-TaylorA.Gonzales-BackenM.GuimondA. (2009). Latino adolescents’ ethnic identity: Is there a developmental progression and does growth in ethnic identity predict growth in self-esteem?Child Development, 80, 391-405. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01267.x
55.
VelezB. L.CamposI. D.MoradiB. (2015). Relations of sexual objectification and racist discrimination with Latina women’s body image and mental health. The Counseling Psychologist, 43, 906-935. doi:10.1177/0011000015591287
56.
ViladrichA.YehM.BruningN.WeissR. (2009). “Do real women have curves?” Paradoxical body images among Latinas in New York City. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 11, 20-28. doi:10.1007/s10903-008-9176-9
57.
WatsonL. B.AncisJ. R.WhiteD. N.NazariN. (2013). Racial identity buffers African American women from body image problems and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 37, 337-350.
58.
WildesJ. E.EmeryR. E.SimonsA. D. (2001). The roles of ethnicity and culture in the development of eating disturbance and body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 521-551. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00071-9
59.
WilliamsJ. M.CurrieC. (2000). Self-esteem and physical development in early adolescence: Pubertal timing and body image. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 20, 129-149. doi:10.1177/0272431600020002002
60.
WilliamsR. J.RicciardelliL. A. (2014). Social media and body image concerns: Further considerations and broader perspectives. Sex Roles, 71, 389-392. doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0429-x
61.
XanthopoulosM. S.BorradaileK. E.HayesS.ShermanS.Vander VeurS.GrundyK. M.. . . FosterG. D. (2011). The impact of weight, sex, and race/ethnicity on body dissatisfaction among urban children. Body Image, 8, 385-389.
