This paper establishes a comprehensive ethical framework for urban digital twins (UDTs) to address the limited integration of ethical considerations in their design and implementation. It addresses a critical gap in the literature by providing a structured approach to embed ethics throughout the UDT development lifecycle. The research includes a systematic literature review, an analysis of UDT initiatives, and the development of an ethical framework that integrates co-creation and ethical checks. By embedding ethics at the core of UDT development, this framework provides urban planners and decision-makers with a practical tool to create responsible and sustainable urban ecosystems.
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