Bike-Sharing Station Usage and the Surrounding Built Environments in Major Texas Cities

Abstract

Spanish

Chinese

This study analyzes the effect of different built environments on bike-share usage in nascent dock-based systems in three Texas cities. Past research offers little insight as to whether elements associated with higher bicycle usage in major cities affect ridership in secondary, developing bike-share markets within lower density American cities. In Austin and Houston, a positive relationship emerges between bike-share usage and proximity to high-comfort bicycle facilities. All three cities demonstrated surprisingly minimal relationship between bike-share usage and other proven drivers of bicycling activity in urban areas, which may result from system design for leisure- and recreation-based trips.

Keywords

bike-share station usage kernel density built environment GIS

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

American Community Survey. 2016. “American Community Survey (5-Year Estimates), Social Explorer.” U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/news/data-releases.html (accessed March 3, 2018).

Anderson

Tessa

. 2009. “Kernel density estimation and K-means clustering to profile road accident hotspots.” Accident Analysis and Prevention 41:359–64.

Anderson

Will

. 2017. “2016 Austin City Limits Music Festival Injected $277 Million into Local Economy, Report Says.” Austin Business Journal. https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2017/05/01/2016-austin-city-limits-music-festival-injected.html (accessed March 3, 2018).

BikeHouston. 2017. “Annual Report 2017.” https://bikehouston.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2017-BH-Annual-Report-v2_B.pdf.

Buck

Darren

Buehler

Ralph

. 2011. “Bike Lanes and Other Determinants of Capital Bikeshare Trips.” Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2012, Conference paper, Washington, DC, November 15. http://ralphbu.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/buck-buehler-poster-cabi-trb-2012.pdf (accessed March 3, 2018).

Bustamante

Roxie

. 2019. “Bike San Antonio Pushing for Protected Bike Lanes, Physical Barriers.” KENS, January 17. https://www.kens5.com/article/news/community/bike-san-antonio-pushing-for-protected-bike-lanes-physical-barriers/273-08576fc6-e3c2-4e75-b05d-e2ed5fd0bfa3.

Campbell

Kayleigh B.

Brakewood

Candace

. 2017. “Sharing Riders: How Bikesharing Impacts Bus Ridership in New York City.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 100:264–82. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2017.04.017.

City of Austin Transportation Department. 2014. “Austin Bicycle Master Plan.” Executive Summary. https://austintexas.gov/sites/default/files/files/Transportation/Final_-_Executive_Summary.pdf (accessed March 3, 2018).

Donthu

Naveen

Rust

Roland T

. 1989. “Note—Estimating Geographic Customer Densities Using Kernel Density Estimation.” Marketing Science 8 (2): 191–203. doi:10.1287/mksc.8.2.191.

10.

EPA Smart Location Database. 2010. “Smart Location Mapping.” https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/smart-location-mapping (accessed July, 3, 2019).

11.

Fuller

Daniel

Gauvin

Lise

Kestens

Yan

Daniel

Mark

Fournier

Michel

Morency

Patrick

Drouin

Louis

. 2011. “Use of a New Public Bicycle Share Program in Montreal, Canada.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 41 (1): 80–83. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.03.002.

12.

Furth

Peter G.

2012. “Level of Traffic Stress Criteria.” http://www.northeastern.edu/peter.furth/research/level-of-traffic-stress/ (accessed January 21, 2018).

13.

Gallaga

Omar L.

2017. “SXSW Says It Had 421,900 at 2017 Events as It Continues Unifying Conferences.” Austin American Statesman, 512 Tech, June 19. http://www.512tech.com/technology/sxsw-says-had-421-900-2017-events-continues-unifying-conferences/LeLK0RwIbaDXpBgF4UpIyH/.

14.

Gerber

Matthew S.

2014. “Predicting Crime Using Twitter and Kernel Density Estimation.” Decision Support Systems 61:115–25. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2014.02.003.

15.

Graehler

Michael

Mucci

Alexander

Erhardt

Gregory D

. 2019. “Understanding the Recent Transit Ridership Decline in Major US Cities: Service Cuts or Emerging Modes?” Paper presented at Transportation Research Board 98th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, January.

16.

Griffin

Greg P.

Jiao

Junfeng

. 2015. “Where Does Bicycling for Health Happen? Analyzing Volunteered Geographic Information through Place and Plexus.” Journal of Transport & Health 2 (2): 238–47.

17.

Griffin

Greg P.

Jiao

Junfeng

. 2018. “Crowdsourcing Bike Share Station Locations: Evaluating Participation and Placement.” Journal of the American Planning Association 84 (3): 35–48.

18.

Griffin

Greg P.

Jiao

Junfeng

. 2019. “The Geography and Equity of Crowdsourced Public Participation for Active Transportation Planning.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673:460–468.

19.

Griffin

Greg P.

Sener

Ipek Nese

. 2016. “Planning for Bike Share Connectivity to Rail Transit.” Journal of Public Transportation 19 (2): 19:1–22.

20.

Handy

Susan L.

Boarnet

Marlon G.

Ewing

Reid

Killingsworth

Richard E

. 2002. “How the Built Environment Affects Physical Activity: Views from Urban Planning.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 23 (2, Suppl. 1): 64–73.

21.

Handy

Susan L.

Niemeier

Debbie A

. 1997. “Measuring Accessibility: An Exploration of Issues and Alternatives.” Environment and Planning A 29:1175–94.

22.

Houston B-Cycle. (2017). “Houston B-Cycle Annual Report 2016.” https://bikehouston.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/BH-web-2016.pdf.

23.

LDA Consulting. 2012. “Capital Bikeshare 2011 Member Survey Report.” LDA Consulting, Washington, DC.

24.

Ting

Liu

Chao

Erdoğan

Sevgi

. 2015. “Bike Sharing and Transit: Does Capital Bikeshare Affect Metrorail Ridership in Washington, D.C.?” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2534:1–9. doi:10.3141/2534-01.

25.

Mahmoud

Mohamed

El-Assi

Wafic

Habib

Khandker Nurul

. 2015. “Effects of Built Environment and Weather on Bike Sharing Demand: Station Level Analysis of Commercial Bike Sharing in Toronto.” Transportation Research Board 44 (3): 589–613.

26.

National Association of City Transportation Officials. 2017. “Bike Share in the U.S.: 2017.” https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/NACTO-Bike-Share-2017.pdf.

27.

Noland

Robert B.

Smart

Michael J.

Guo

Ziye

. 2015. “Bikeshare Trip Generation in New York City.” Transportation Research Part A 94 (2016): 164–81.

28.

Ogura

Toshi

. 2018. “Mobility Analysis of Austin B-Cycle Group Users during Special Events.” Tourism and Mobility Planning Laboratory Discussion Paper No. 001, February 20, 2019. Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.

29.

Rogers

Patricia

. 2015. “ACL Leads Austin List of Annual Festivals & Events with Most Attendance.” Austin Business Journal. https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/subscriber-only/2015/01/16/festivals–events.html (accessed March 3, 2018).

30.

Shaheen

Susan A.

Martin

Elliot

Cohen

Adam P.

Finson

Rachel

. 2012. Public Bikesharing in North America: Early Operator and User Understanding. San Jose: San Jose State University.

31.

Shilton

and The Bicycling Magazine Editors. 2018. “The Best Bike Cities in America.” Bicycling, October 10. https://www.bicycling.com/culture/a23676188/best-bike-cities-2018/.

32.

The League of American Bicyclists. 2015. “Bicycle Friendly America—Award Database.” http://bikeleague.org/bfa (accessed March 3, 2018).

33.

Thornton

Lukar E.

Pearce

Jamie R.

Kavanaugh

Anne M

. 2011. “Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Assess the Role of Built Environment in Influencing Obesity: A Glossary.” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 8:71. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-71.

34.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2016. “American Fact Finder-Results.” https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml (accessed March 3, 2018).

35.

Wang

Jackie

2019. “Cyclist’s Death Spurs Advocates’ Call for Bike Infrastructure Improvements.” Rivard Report, April 8. https://therivardreport.com/cyclists-death-spurs-advocates-call-for-bike-infrastructure-improvements/

36.

Wang

Xize

Lindsey

Greg

Schoner

Jessica

Harrison

Andrew

. 2015. “Modeling Bike Share Station Activity: Effects of Nearby Businesses and Jobs on Trips to and from Stations.” Journal of Urban Planning Development 142 (1): 04015001.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.52 MB