Our nation’s public schools are important elements of public social and physical infrastructure. The quality of cities depends on the quality of schools. Likewise, the quality of schools depends on the quality of cities. This article is focused on looking at our public schools as public infrastructure, particularly in the context of inner cities and older suburbs. The article argues that there is a profound and detrimental “cities and schools disconnect,” and as a field, planning has virtually ignored our public schools. City planning scholars need to increase their engagement with public schools and school facilities and think more critically about how development and redevelopment decisions ultimately impact our public schools.
Agron, Joe. 2005. Mixed results: 31st annual official education construction report. American School & University77 (10): 29-46.
2.
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).2005. Infrastructure report card: Schools. Reston, VA: ASCE.
3.
Baum, Howell S.2004. Smart growth and school reform: What if we talked about race and took community seriously?Journal of the American Planning Association70 (1): 14-26.
4.
Beaumont, Constance E.2002. Historic neighborhood schools in the age of sprawl: Why Johnny can’t walk to school. With Elizabeth G. Pianca. Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation.
5.
Beaumont, Constance E.2003. State policies and school facilities: How states can support or undermine neighborhood schools and community preservation. Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation.
6.
Chung, Connie. 2002. Using public schools as community-development tools: Strategies for community-based developers. Cambridge, MA: Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard University and Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation.
7.
Council of Educational Facility Planners International, Inc. (CEFPI).1991. Guide for planning educational facilities. Scottsdale, AZ: CEFPI.
8.
Council of Educational Facility Planners International, Inc. (CEFPI).2004. Creating connections: The CEFPI guide for educational facility planning. Scottsdale, AZ: CEFPI.
9.
Council of Educational Facility Planners International, Inc., and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Schools for successful communities: An element of smart growth. Scottsdale, AZ: Council of Educational Facility Planners International.
10.
Donnelly, Steve. 2003. A toolkit for tomorrow’s schools: New ways of bringing growth management and school planning together. Planning69 (9): 4-9.
11.
Earthman, Glen I. 2000. Collaborative planning for school facilities and comprehensive land use. Presented to the Stein & Schools Lecture Series: Policy, Planning and Design for the 21st Century Public Education System, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
12.
Ewing, Reid, and William Greene. 2003. Travel and environmental implications of school siting. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
13.
Executive Office for Administration and Finance. 2000. Policy report: Reconstructing the School Building Assistance Program. Policy Report Series no. 3. Washington, DC: Executive Office for Administration and Finance.
14.
Frankenberg, Erica, and Chungmei Lee. 2002. Race in American public schools: Rapidly resegregating school districts. Cambridge, MA: The Civil Rights Project, Harvard University.
15.
Katz, Bruce. 2004. The role of public education in neighborhoods of choice and connection. Presentation at the UC Berkeley Center for Cities & Schools Symposium, Berkeley, CA, September 22.
16.
Kouri, Christopher. 1999. Wait for the bus: How lowcountry school site selection and design deter walking to school and contribute to urban sprawl. Charleston: South Carolina Coastal Conservation League.
17.
Langdon, Philip. 2000. Stopping school sprawl. Planning66 (5): 10-11.
18.
McKoy, Deborah L., and Jeffrey M. Vincent. 2005. The Center for Cities & Schools: Connecting research and policy agendas. Berkeley Planning Journal18: 57-77.
19.
McMahon, Edward T.2000. School sprawl. Planning Commissioners Journal39: 16-18.
20.
McMillan, Tracy E. 2002. The influence of urban form on a child’s trip to school. Paper presented at the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning Annual Conference, Baltimore.
21.
National Center for Educational Statistics. 2005. Projections of education statistics to 2014. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics.
22.
National Education Association (NEA).2000. Modernizing our schools: What will it cost?Washington DC: NEA.
23.
Noguera, Pedro A.2003. City schools and the American dream. New York: Teachers College Press.
24.
Orfield, Gary, and Chungmei Lee. 2005. Why segregation matters: Poverty and educational inequality. Cambridge, MA: The Civil Rights Project, Harvard University.
25.
Orfield, Myron. 2002. American metropolitics: The new suburban reality. Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
26.
Passmore, Sam. 2002. Education and smart growth: Reversing school sprawl for better schools and communities. Washington, DC: Charles Stewart Mott Foundation in collaboration with the Funders Network for Smart Growth and Livable Communities and Grantmakers in Aging.
27.
Perry, Clarence. 1929. The neighborhood unit: A scheme of arrangement for the Family-Live Community. (Regional Study of New York and its Environs, VII, Neighborhood and Community Planning, Monograph One 2-140). New York: Regional Plan of New York and Its Environs.
28.
Planning Commissioners Journal. 2004. Back to school for planners. Special issue on school planning. 56.
29.
Rothstein, Richard. 2004. Class and schools: Using social, economic, and educational reform to close the black-white achievement gap. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute.
30.
Rusk, David. 2005. A tale of two cities. Getting Smart: The Newsletter of the Smart Growth Network8 (2): 1-3.
31.
Sack, Joetta L.2004. Scarcity of property is growing obstacle to building schools. Education Week23 (28): 15-16.
32.
Stein, Clarence. 1958. Toward new towns for America. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press.
33.
Steward, W. Cecil. 1999. Lincoln, Nebraska, public school systems: The advance scouts for urban sprawl. In Under the blade: The conversion of agricultural landscapes, ed. Richard K. Olson and Thomas A. Lyson. Boulder, CO: Westview.
34.
Stone, Clarence N., Jeffrey R. Henig, Bryan D. Jones, and Carole Pierannunzi. 2001. Building civic capacity: The politics of reforming urban schools. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
35.
U. S. Department of Education. 1999. A back to school special report on the baby boom echo: No end in sight. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
36.
U. S. General Accounting Office (GAO).1995. School facilities: Conditions of America’s schools. GAO/HEHS-95-61. Washington, DC: GAO.
