This article explores the procedural implications of communicative action, using academic governance as a planning problem. It examines the organizational context of academic departments, critiques the academic governance literature, and explains the tenets of communicative action. Focusing on process design, collaborative deliberation, and implementation for a curriculum planning case study, the article illustrates how a communicative action approach can be used for effective and transformative academic planning and leadership.
Alexander, Ernest . 2000. Rationality revisted: Planning paradigms in a post-postmodern perspective. Journal of Planning Education and Research19: 242-56.
2.
Baum, Howell . 1991. Creating a family in the workplace. Human Relations44: 1137-59.
3.
- . 1996. Why the rational paradigm persists: Tales from the field. Journal of Planning Education and Research15: 125-35.
4.
- . 1999. Forgetting to plan. Journal of Planning Education and Research19: 2-14.
5.
Benveniste, Guy . 1987. Professionalizing the organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
6.
Dalton, Linda . 1986. Why the rational paradigm persists. Journal of Planning Education and Research5: 147-53.
7.
Etzioni, Amotai . 1975. A comparative analysis of complex organizations. New York: Free Press.
8.
Forester, John . 1989. Planning in the face of power. Berkeley: University of California Press.
9.
- . 1992. Critical ethnography: On fieldwork in a Habermasian way. In Critical management studies, edited by Mats Alvesson and High Willmont. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
10.
- . 1999a. Dealing with deep value differences. In The consensus building handbook, edited by L. Susskind, S. McKearnan, and J. Thomas-Larner. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
11.
- . 1999b. The deliberative practitioner: Encouraging participatory planning processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
12.
Gmelch, Walter H. , and Val D. Miskin. 1993. Leadership skills for department chairs. Bolton: Anker.
13.
Habermas, Jurgen . 1984. The theory of communicative action. Vol. 1. Translated by Thomas McCarthy. Boston: Beacon.
14.
- . 1987. The theory of communicative action. Vol 2. Translated by Thomas McCarthy. Boston: Beacon.
15.
Healey, Patsy . 1993. Planning through debate: The communicative turn in planning theory. In The communicative turn in policy analysis and planning, edited by Frank Fischer and John Forester, 233-53. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
16.
- . 1999. Institutional analysis, communicative planning, and shaping places. Journal of Planning Education and Research19: 111-21.
17.
Hecht, Irene , Mary Lou Higgerson, Walter Gmelch, and Allan Tucker. 1999. The department chair as academic leader. Phoenix, AZ: American Council on Higher Education/Oryx Press.
18.
Higgerson, Mary Lou . 1996. Communication skills for department chairs. Bolton: Anker.
19.
Huxley, Margo . 1999. The limits to communicative planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research19: 369-77.
20.
Innes, Judith . 1995. Planning theory's emerging paradigm: Communicative action and interactive practice. Journal of Planning Education and Research14: 183-91.
21.
- . 1998. Information in communicative planning. Journal of the American Planning Association64 (1): 52-63.
22.
- . 1999. Consensus building as role playing and bricolage. Journal of the American Planning Association65 (1): 9-26.
23.
Innes, Judith , and David Booher. 1999. Consensus building and complex adaptive systems: A framework for evaluating collaborative planning. Journal of the American Planning Association65 (4): 412-23.
24.
Lenington, Robert . 1996. Managing higher education as a business. Phoenix, AZ: American Council on Education/Onyx Press.
25.
Neuman, Michael . 2000. Communicate this! Does consensus lead to advocacy and pluralism?Journal of Planning Education and Research19 (4): 343-50.
26.
Nord, Walter , and John Jermier. 1992. Critical social science for managers? Promising and perverse possibilities. In Critical management studies, edited by Mats Alvesson and Hugh Willmont. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
27.
Rittel, Hurst , and Melvin Webber. 1973. Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences4: 155-69.
28.
Susskind, L. , S. McKearnon, and S. Carpenter. 2000. Consensus building handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
29.
Throgmorton, J.A.2000. On the virtues of skillful meandering: Acting as a skilled-voice-in-the-flow of persuasive argumentation. Journal of the American Planning Association66 (4): 367-83.
30.
Weber, Max . 1961. The three types of legitimate rule. Translated by Hans Gerth. In Complex organizations: A sociological reader, edited by Amitai Etzioni. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
31.
Willson, Richard . 2001. Assessing communicative rationality as a transportation planning paradigm. Transportation28: 1-31.
32.
Winograd, T. , and F. Flores. 1987. Understanding computers and cognition. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.