Data were collected on 776 newborns using a high risk register. The group consisted of 16 newborns with birthweight under 1500 grams, 121 with a family history of handicap, 82 who were the product of an adverse pregnancy history, 39 with congenital anomalies, and 61 with a gestational age of less then 37 weeks. Analysis of high risk characteristics revealed 261 primary risk incidents in the sample and 292 secondary risk factors. These accounted for 10.57 and 14.4 percent of the subjects, respectively. Possible drawbacks in the use of high-risk registers are discussed in light of procedures for follow-up of infants and other critical factors.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Brackbill, Y.Long term effects of obstetric medication. Paper presented at biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development , San Francisco, March 18, 1979.
2.
Brazelton, T.B.Neonatal behavioral assessment scale. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 50London: Wm. Heinemann Medical Books, Spastics International Medical Publications, 1973 .
3.
Chard, T. & Richards, M. (Eds.). Benefits and hazards of the new obstetrics. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 64London: Wm. Heinemann Medical Books, Spastics International Medical Publications, 1977.
4.
Clarren, S.K. & Smith, D.W.The fetal alcohol syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine , 1978, 298, 1063-1067.
5.
Cunningham, G.C.Proceedings of Conference on Newborn Hearing Screening, San Francisco (1971). Rockville, Maryland : California Department of Public Health and U.S. Public Health Service, DHEW, 1973.
6.
Dubowitz, L.M.S. & Dubowitz, V.A.clinical manual: Gestational age of the newborn . Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1977.
7.
Egan, D.F., Illingworth, R.S., & MacKeith, R.C.Developmental screening 0-5 years. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 30London: Wm. Heinemann Medical Books. Spastics International Medical Publications, 1969.
8.
Erb, L. & Andersen, B.D.The fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). A review of the impact of chronic maternal alcohol on the developing fetus. Clinical Pediatrics, 1978, 17, 644, 646-649.
9.
Frankenburg, W.K., Dodds, J.B. & Fandal, A.W.Denver developmental screening test. Denver: University of Colorado Medical Center, 1970 .
10.
Gerber, S.E.Audiometry in infancy. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1977.
Hardy, J.B.The young deaf child: Identification and management. Acta Otolaryngologica, Supplement 206, Stockholm, 1965.
13.
Holsclaw, D.S. & Topham, A.L.The effects of smoking on fetal, neonatal and childhood development . Pediatric Annals, 1978, 7, 105-117.
14.
Illingsworth, R.S. & Birch, H.G.The diagnosis of mental retardation in infancy: A follow-up study . Archives of Disabilities in Childhood, 1959, 34, 269-273.
15.
Klein, M. & Stern, L.Low birthweight and the battered child syndrome. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 1971, 122, 15-18.
16.
Lansford, A.The high risk infant. In M. J. Krajicek and A. I. Tearney (Eds.), Detection of developmental problems in children: A reference guide for community nurses and other health care professionals. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1977, 79-87.
17.
Lipsitt, L.P.Developmental consequences of prenatal and neonatal risk factor: Crib death and failure-to-thrive. Paper presented at International Workshop on the "At-Risk" Infant, Tel Aviv , July 26, 1979.
18.
Lloyd, L.L.Discussant's comments: Language and communication aspects. In T. D. Tjossem (ed.), Intervention strategies for high risk infants and young children. Baltimore : University Park Press, 1976, 199-212.
19.
Mahoney, T.M.Newborn high risk hearing screening by maternal questionnaire. Paper presented at conference of the American Speech and Hearing Association, Chicago, November 1977.
20.
Mahoney, T.M.Summary report on infant high risk for hearing impairment program . Unpublished paper, Salt Lake City, Utah: Utah Department of Health, May 12, 1977.
21.
Meier, J.Screening and assessment of young children at risk. The President's Committee of Mental Retardation, DHEW, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.
22.
Mencher, G. T. (Ed.). Early identification of hearing loss. Basel: Karger, 1976.
23.
Mencher, G.T.Prologue to the Saskatoon conference: A perspective. In Gerber, S. E. and Mencher, G. (Ed.) Early diagnosis of hearing loss. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1978.
24.
Mitchell, R.G.The incidence and nature of child abuse. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1975, 17, 641-644.
25.
Nie, N.H., Hull, C.H., Jenkins, J.G., Steinbrenner, K., & Bent, D.H.Statistical package for the social sciences, Second edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.
26.
Northern, J.L.Audiological aspects of identifying high risk infants and young children . Allied Health and Behavioral Sciences, 1978, 1, 441-468.
27.
Northern, J.L. & Downs, M.P.Hearing in children. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1974.
28.
Parmalee, A.The obstetric complications scale and the postnatal complications scales. Unpublished manuscript, Los Angeles, 1974.
29.
Prechtl, H.F.R.The neurological examination of the full term newborn infant. Second edition. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 63London : Wm. Heinemann Medical Books, Spastics International Medical Publications, 1977.
30.
Saint Claire, K.L.Neonatal assessment procedures: A historical review. Child Development, 1978, 49, 280-292.
31.
Sameroff, A.J. and Chandler, M.J.Reproductive risk and the continuum of caretaking casualty. In F. D. Horowitz (Ed.) Review of child development research, Volume 4. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975, 187-244.
32.
Umansky, W.Prediction of preschool performance in selected areas from perinatal factors . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University , 1976.
33.
Weikart, D.P., Bond, J.T., & McNeil, J.T.The Ypsilanti Perry Preschool Project: Preschool years and longitudinal results through fourth grade. Monographs of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, No. 3, 1978.
34.
Werner, E.The transactional model: Applications to the longitudinal study of the high risk child on the island of Kauai. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development , San Francisco, March 17, 1979.
