The effect of high temperature additives in intumescent systems was examined in a laboratory environment. A matrix of ceramic fibers/minerals was incorporated into two intumescent systems. The material performance was determined using a series of small-scale propane-fired furnace tests based on the ASTM E119 time-temperature curve for fire tests of building construction and materials. Several formulations were identified using a 15-minute screening fire test before testing for a longer time period.
Koo, J.H., M.J. Kneer and M.J. Miller.1991. "Behavior of Insulative Material Structures Under Simulated Fast Cookoff Environment," CPIA Pub. 562, 1991 JANNAF Propulsion Systems Hazards Subcommittee Meeting, Albuquerque, NM, pp. 225-240.
2.
Kneer, M.J., J.H. Koo, M.J. Miller and M.E. Schneider.1993. "A Cost-Effective Approach to Evaluate Insulative Materials for Low Heat Flux Applications," AIAA-93-0840, 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV.
3.
Koo, J.H., M.J. Miller and M.J. Kneer.1993. "The Effect of Hydrocarbon Flames to Fire Protection Materials," Proceedings of the Joint Technical Meeting1993, Central and Eastern States Sections/The Combustion Institute, New Orleans, LA, pp. 601-605.
4.
Koo, J.H.1997. "Thermal Characteristics Comparison of Two Fire Retardant Materials," Journal of Fire Sciences15, p. 203.
5.
Shih, Y.C., F.B. Cheung and J.H. Koo.1995. "Current Status on the Modeling of Fire-Retardant Materials," AIAA-95-0257, 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV
6.
Astm E 119 - 88. 1988. Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM), Philadelphia, PA.
7.
Piers, A.S.1991. "Enhanced Performance of Composite Materials Under Fire Conditions," Proceedings of Polymers in a Marine Environment, London, England.
