The principal heavy metal loads to municipal solid waste incinerators are determined from analyses of bottom ash, fly ash and gaseous effluents. Upper values in g per Mg refuse are: Cl, 8000; F, 200; S, 5000; Zn, 2000; Pb, 1200; Cu, 600; Cr, 250; Ni, 80; Cd, 15; Hg, 5; As, 4. More than half of the Cl, Cd, Hg and As pass into the flue gas and are either captured in the fly ash or emitted in the stack gas.
Brunner, P.H. & Mönch, H. (1986) The flux of metals through municipal solid waste incineratorsWaste Management & Research, 4, 105-119.
2.
Eawag (1982) Direct analysis of municipal waste samples. Federal Bureau for Water Supply, Waste Water Purification and Water Protection, p. 86. Dübendorf, Switzerland.
3.
Genest, W. & Reimann, D. (1985) Die Abfallwirtschaft von Altbatterien-Teil II. (The waste cycle of used batteries)Müll & Abfall, 7/1985.
4.
Horch, K. (1987) Optimierung von Feuerungen mit dem Ziel der Schadstoffminderung. (Optimization of incineration with the aim of reducing waste quantities.) VDI Report No. 637, April.
Reimann, D. (1987a) Schwermetalle, anorganische Schadstoffe aus Rauchgasen (Heavy metals, inorganic pollutants in flue gases) Manual of VDI training organisation, BW 43-42-01/7467 Session held in Düsseldorf , February 11-12, 1987.
7.
Reimann, D. (1987b) Reststoffe aus der Rauchgasreinigung von Müllverbrennungsanlagen (Residual substances from flue-gas cleaning of refuse incineration plants). Manual Haus der Technik (Hdt) F-70-904-132-7, Essen 16-17 April 1987.
8.
Switzerland (1987) Federal Swiss Office for Environmental Protection. Behandling und Verfestigung von Rückständen aus Kehrichtverbrennungsanlagen (Treatment and solidification of residue from refuse incineration plants) Environmental protection publication, No. 62, April.
9.
Tobler, A.P. (1988) Treatment and solidification of ESP ashes from municipal solid waste incineration. Waste Management & Research, 6.
10.
Vogg, H. (1987) Emissionen aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen (Emissions from refuse incineration plants) Manual of VDI training organisation, BW 43-32-03/6636 Session held in Munich, May 20-22, 1987.
11.
Vogg, H., Braun, H., Metzger, M. & Schneider, J. (1986) The specific role of cadmium and mercury in municipal solid waste incineration. Waste Management & Research , 4, 65-73.
