The purpose of this study is to investigate certain features of a novel material proposed to serve as an impervious liner in landfills. Various ratios of bentonites and zeolites (B/Z) compacted at optimum water content were tested to determine the strength parameters, permeability, pH, heavy metals and other properties. A B/Z ratio of 0.10 was found to be an ideal landfill liner material regarding its low hydraulic conductivity and high cation exchange capacity. The use of B/Z mixtures as an alternative to clay liners would provide potential to significantly reduce the thickness of base liner for landfills.
American Petroleum Institute (API) (1983) Land Treatment Practice in the Petroleum Industry. Washington, DC, USA.
2.
Bennett, R.H., Bryant, W.R. & Keller, G.H. (1977) Clay fabric and geotechnical properties of selected submarine sediment cores from the Missisippi delta. NOAA, Missisippi, Professional Paper 9, pp. 96.
3.
Bish, F. & Guthrie, G.D. (1994) Clays and Zeolites In: Health Effects of Mineral Dusts. G.D. Guthrie and B.T. Mossmann (Eds),. Rev. Mineral, 28; pp. 168-184.
4.
Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. & Teller, E. (1938) Adsorption of gases in multi-molecular layers. Jour American Chem Soc, 60, pp. 309-319.
5.
Chapman, H.D. (1965) Cation exchange capacity in methods of soil analysis, Black, C.A. Editor, Series Agronomy; Am. Inst. Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin. 2, 9, pp. 891-901.
6.
Conner, J.R. (1990) Chemical fixation and solidification of hazardous wastes. Van Nostrand, Reinhold, New York, pp. 692.
7.
Daniel, D.E. & Benson, C.H. (1990) Water content-density criteria for compacted soil liners. J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE116, 12, pp. 1811-1830.
8.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1986) Prohibition on the disposal of bulk liquid hazardous waste in landfills-statutory interpretive guidance. EPA/530/SW86/016. Cincinnati, OH. USA: EPA.
9.
Grim, R.E. (1968) Clay Mineralogy, McGraw Hill, New York, 596.
10.
Harding, L. & Goyette, D. (1989) Metals in northeast pacific coastal sediments and fish, shrimp, and prawn tissues. In: Hamilton, E. I. (ed) Marine Pollution Bulletin20, pp. 187-189.
11.
Kenney, T.C., Van Veen, W.A., Swailow, M.A. & Sungalia, M.A. (1992) Hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite-sand mixtures. Can. Geotech. J., 29, pp. 638-649.
12.
Karakouzian, M., Pitchford, A., Leonard. M. & Johnson. B. (1996) Measurement of soluble salt content of soils from Arid and Semi-Arid Regions, Geotechnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, 19, 4, pp. 364-372.
13.
Lanouette, K.H. (1977) Heavy metals removal. Chemical Engineering, Deskbook Issue 84, pp. 73-80.
14.
Marcotte, D., Marron, J.C. & Fafard. M. (1994) Washing of bentonite in laboratory hydraulic -conductivity test. J. Environ. Eng. ASCE, 120, 3, pp. 691-698.
15.
Minato, H. (1980) Chemical composition of coexisting clinoptinolite and montmorillonite. Proc. 5th Int Conf on Zeolites, Naples. Italy, pp. 179-185.
16.
Poon, C.S. (1989) A critical review of evaluation procedures for stabilisation/solidification processes. 4th Int Hazardous Waste Symp on Environmental Aspects of Stabilisation/Solidification of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes, ASTM STM 1033, Philadelphia, pp.114-124.
17.
Ryan, J. R., Hanson, M. L. & Loehr, R. C. (1983) Land treatment practices in the petroleum industry. Land Treatment, Hazardous Management Alternative. Water Resources Symposium 13, pp. 319-345.
18.
Street, A.A. (1994) Landfilling: The difference between continental European and British practice, Proc. Inst. Civ Engrs, Geotech Eng, 10374, pp. 41-46.
19.
Taha, R. (1993) Environmental and engineering properties of flue gas desulfurication gypsum. Transportation Research Record, No. 1424. Washington, D.C. USA: Academic Press, pp. 14-19.
20.
Tuncan, A., Tuncan, M., Yalcin, M. & Guney, Y. (1998) The effects of environmental pollution on cyclic swell and shrink behaviour of Na-bentonite clay, Proc. 3rd Int. Congr on Environmental Geotechnics, 2, pp. 57-62.
21.
Turkish Ministry of Environment (1994) Turkish Solid Waste Regulations, No. 20814. Ankara, Turkey, pp. 73.
22.
Van der Sloot, H.A., de Groot, G.J. & Wijkstra, J. (1989) Leaching characteristics of construction materials and stabilisation products containing waste materials, Environmental Aspects of Stabilisation/Solidification of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes, ASTM STP 1033, Philadelphia, pp. 125-149.
23.
Wilcox, J.C. (1946) Determination of electrical conductivity of soil solution, Science Agronomy. 32, pp. 107-117.
