Electrospinning of chitosan (CS) is typically limited by poor spinnability and weak structural stability. In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was incorporated into CS/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends, followed by glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking, to optimize fiber morphology and mechanical performance. Morphological analysis indicated that PVP reduced the average fiber diameter to 80 nm by lowering surface tension and enhancing chain entanglement. XRD analysis revealed a significant reduction in crystallinity (or suppression of the crystalline phase), suggesting that PVP disrupted the ordered packing of chains. The incorporation of PVP significantly improved the elongation at break from 7% to 76%. Subsequent GA crosslinking further reinforced the dense network, resulting in a robust membrane with a maximum tensile strength of 32 MPa (a 60% increase) while maintaining a final elongation of 13.2%. The synergistic strategy of PVP-driven jet stabilization and GA-induced network reinforcement provides an effective route to fabricate high-performance nanofibers for potential biomedical and separation applications.
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Silva IahnkeAOMonteMLSant’Anna CadavalTR, et al.Electrospinning of gelatin fine fibers loaded with hop waste extract: development, characterization, and application as antioxidant chitosan bilayer films. J Mol Liq2025; 426: 127364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127364
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ParvinnasabAShahroudiSSalahinejadE, et al.Antibacterial nanofibrous wound dressing mats made from blended chitosan-copper complexes and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using electrospinning. Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl2024; 8: 100564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100564
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PandayaDZhangM-XXuZ-L, et al.Fabrication and characterization of polyurethane/chitosan electrospun nanofiber support membranes for high-performance FO applications. J Environ Chem Eng2025; 13(3): 116374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.116374
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ZhangKZhuCXieL, et al.Facile fabrication of electrospun hybrid nanofibers integrated cellulose, chitosan with ZIF-8 for efficient remediation of copper ions. Carbohydr Polym2025; 359: 123574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123574
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WangZLiuMBuQ, et al.Quaternary chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/thymol electrospun nanofiber films integrated with deodorization, antibacterial and antioxidant properties for aquatic products packaging. Food Res Int2025; 208: 116270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116270
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ZhuZYuMRenR, et al.Thymol incorporation within chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers by concurrent coaxial electrospinning and in-situ crosslinking from core-out for active antibacterial packaging. Carbohydr Polym2024; 323: 121381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121381
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MohammadalipourMAlihosseiniFMohammadalipourZ, et al.The potential of cellulose nanocrystal-modified polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan scaffolds in cartilage regeneration. Eur Polym J2025; 240: 114333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114333
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ErdoganSGünesSNBulbulYE, et al.Design of multi-layer electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/chitosan nanofiber scaffolds loaded with tigecycline for controlled drug release and antibacterial wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol2025; 322: 146955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146955
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JuangR-SFanC-CFuC-C. Efficient removal of diclofenac and phosphate anions from aqueous solutions using electrospun quaternized chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) fibrous membranes. Separ Purif Technol2026; 380: 135454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135454
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HuWYinHGuoY, et al.Fabrication of multifunctional facial masks from phenolic acid grafted chitosan/collagen peptides via aqueous electrospinning. Int J Biol Macromol2024; 267: 131443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131443
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MaQLiuJTangR, et al.Chitosan and ibuprofen functionalized electrospun nanofiber membrane modulates inflammatory response and promotes full-thickness abdominal wall repair. Int J Biol Macromol2025; 321: 146380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146380
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KulczyńskaJChibrikovVPawcenisD, et al.Sustainable poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan electrospun nanofibers and casted films with bioactive additives – comparative study on physicochemical properties and in vitro biological activity. Ind Crop Prod2025; 233: 121335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121335
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XuJGaoYChenW, et al.Properties of coaxial polycaprolactone cinnamaldehyde chitosan nanoparticles electrospun membrane and its effect on the shelf life of meat. Food Control2024; 164: 110555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110555
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ShenRShaoZChenR, et al.Fully bio-based zein/chitosan hydrochloride/phloretin bimodal fibrous membrane for high-performance and antibacterial air filtration based on green electrospinning. Separ Purif Technol2024; 341: 126893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126893
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LamarraJRiveroSPinottiA, et al.Nanofiber mats functionalized with Mentha piperita essential oil stabilized in a chitosan-based emulsion designed via an electrospinning technique. Int J Biol Macromol2023; 248: 125980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125980
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ZengJWuCWangS, et al.Development of high-throughput electrospun chitosan/PEO-CNC composite membranes with enhanced antibacterial and oil-water separation properties. Int J Biol Macromol2025; 303: 140308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140308
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ShahsavarFBabaeiA. Investigating the effect of chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide on the properties of biodegradable polycaprolactone. J Reinforc Plast Compos2023; 43: 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844231163909
