Rattan fiber is emerging as a sustainable reinforcement in polymer composites due to its light weight, flexibility, and mechanical strength. Rattan fiber reinforced composites (RFRC) are thoroughly studied in this review, having a focus on surface treatment, fabrication techniques, characterization, hybridization, and prospective applications. Maximum enhancement of tensile strength and Young’s modulus were observed in fibers treated with 5% NaOH which were 35.17% and 111.5%, respectively, whereas fibers underwent through Benzoylation treatment showed 12.5% and 85.6% increment in tensile strength and Young’s modulus, respectively. Thermal stability was improved with degradation onset temperatures rising by 13–25°C. Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of RFRCs are analyzed in characterization studies, and their strength, modulus, and durability are significantly increased when hybridized with synthetic or other natural fibers. Applications in the furniture, packaging, construction, and automotive sectors are reviewed, highlighting RFRC’s possibility as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional composites. With a significant 269% increase in flexural strength and 88% increase in tensile strength, the rattan-glass hybrid composite provides exceptional mechanical performance appropriate for demanding automotive applications. To direct future advancements in sustainable rattan-based composite technology, this study reviews the existing body of knowledge and highlights important research gaps.
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