Nowadays, it has been global demand to overcome the abundant use of synthetic fibres with respect to save the environment. Sisal fibre is one of the widely used natural fibre and being used as reinforcement for polymer-based composites on account of its excellent properties. This review article deals a brief description of sisal fibre along with its recent applications and characterization of its polymer-based composites in terms of mechanical properties, thermal properties and tribological and water absorption behaviour. The recent applications of polymer-based sisal composites and recommendation for future work are also presented.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. Mechanical properties of hybrid fibres-reinforced polymer composite: a review. Polym-Plast Technol Eng2016; 55: 626–642.
2.
BragaRAMagalhaesPAA. Analysis of the mechanical and thermal properties of jute and glass fibre as reinforcement epoxy hybrid composites. Mater Sci Eng: Part-C2015; 56: 269–273.
3.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. Mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis of jute fibre reinforced epoxy composite. Indian J Fib Text Res2017; 42: 64–71.
4.
MauryaHOGuptaMKSrivastavaRKet al.Study on the mechanical properties of epoxy composite using short sisal fibre. Mater Today: Proceed2015; 2: 1347–1355.
5.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. Tensile and flexural properties of sisal fibre reinforced epoxy composite: A comparison between unidirectional and mat form of fibres. Proced Mater Sci2014; 5: 2434–2439.
6.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. 2015. Effect of sisal fibre loading on wear and friction properties of jute fibre reinforced epoxy composite. American J Polym Sci Eng2015; 3: 198–207.
7.
LiXTabilLGPanigrahiS. Chemical treatments of natural fibre for use in natural fibre-reinforced composites: a review. J Polym Environ2007; 15: 25–33.
8.
AbdelmoulehMBoufiSBelgacemMNet al.Short natural-fibre reinforced polyethylene and natural rubber composites: effect of silane coupling agents and fibres loading. Compos Sci Technol2007; 67: 1627–1639.
9.
TserkiVZafeiropoulosNESimonFet al.A study of the effect of acetylation and propionylation surface treatments on natural fibres. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac2005; 36: 1110–1118.
10.
GuptaMKGondRK. Influence of concentrations of alkali treatment on mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of hemp/polyester composite. American J Polym Sci Eng2017; 5: 24–33.
11.
ShahzadA. Hemp fibre and its composites–a review. J Compos Mater2012; 46: 973–986.
12.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRKBisariaH. Potential of jute fibre reinforced polymer composites: A Review. IJ Fib Text Res2013; 45: 619–624.
13.
KaliaSKaithBSKaurI. Pretreatments of natural fibres and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites—a review. Polym Eng Sci2009; 49: 1253–1272.
14.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. A review on characterization of hybrid fibre reinforced polymer composite. American J Polym Sci Eng2016; 4: 1–7.
YanLKasalBHuangL. A review of recent research on the use of cellulosic fibres, their fibre fabric reinforced cementitious, geo-polymer and polymer composites in civil engineering. Compos Part B: Eng2016; 92: 94–132.
26.
SinhaMKMitraSRamasubramanianTet al.Crop diversification for profitability in jute and allied fibre crops. Indian J Agro2009; 54: 221–225.
27.
MwaikamboLY. Review of the history, properties and application of plant fibres. African J Sci Technol2006; 7: 120–133.
28.
FioreVScaliciTNicolettiFet al.A new eco-friendly chemical treatment of natural fibres: effect of sodium bicarbonate on properties of sisal fibre and its epoxy composites. Compos Part B: Eng2016; 85: 150–160.
29.
BisandaETN. The manufacture of roofing panels from sisal fibre reinforced composites. J Mater Process Technol1993; 38: 369–379.
MukherjeePSSatyanarayanaKG. Structure and properties of some vegetable fibres. J Mater Sci1986; 21: 51–56.
32.
BisandaETNAnsellMP. Properties of sisal-CNSL composites. J Mater Sci1992; 27: 1690–700.
33.
LiYMaiYWYeL. Sisal fibre and its composites: a review of recent developments. Compos Sci Technol2000; 60: 2037–2055.
34.
Saxena M, Pappu A, Haque R, et al. Sisal fibre based polymer composites and their applications. In Cellulose Fibres: Bio-and Nano-Polymer Composites 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
35.
MohiniSArpanaCAsokanP. Flyash vermicompost from non-ecofriendly organic wastes. Pollu Res Paper1998; 17: 5–11.
36.
Saravana BavanDMohan KumarGC. Potential use of natural fibre composite materials in India. J Reinf Plast Compos2010; 29: 3600–3613.
JosephKFilhoRDTJamesBet al.A review on sisal fibre reinforced polymer composites. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental1999; 3: 367–379.
39.
BledzkiAKGassanJ. Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibres. Prog Polym Sci1999; 24: 221–274.
40.
Gassan J and Bledzki AK.7. Internationales Techtexil Symposium 1995; Frankfurt.
41.
Valadez-GonzalezACervantes-UcJMOlayoRJIPet al.Effect of fibre surface treatment on the fibre–matrix bond strength of natural fibre reinforced composites. Compos Part B: Eng1999; 30: 309–320.
42.
SydenstrickerTHMochnazSAmicoSC. Pull-out and other evaluations in sisal-reinforced polyester biocomposites. Polym Test2003; 22: 375–380.
43.
JacobMVarugheseKTThomasS. Dielectric characteristics of sisal–oil palm hybrid biofibre reinforced natural rubber biocomposites. J Mater Sci2006; 45: 538–5547.
44.
PaulAJosephKThomasS. Effect of surface treatments on the electrical properties of low-density polyethylene composites reinforced with short sisal fibres. Compos Sci Technol1997; 57: 67–79.
45.
PaulAThomasS. Electrical properties of natural-fibre-reinforced low density polyethylene composites: A comparison with carbon black and glass-fibre-filled low density polyethylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci1997; 63: 247–266.
46.
JosephKThomasSPavithranC. Effect of chemical treatment on the tensile properties of short sisal fibre-reinforced polyethylene composites. Polym1996; 37: 5139–5149.
47.
JosephKVargheseSKalaprasadGet al.Influence of interfacial adhesion on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of short sisal fibre reinforced polymer composites. Europe Polym J1996; 32: 1243–1250.
48.
LiXTabilLGPanigrahiS. Chemical treatments of natural fibre for use in natural fibre-reinforced composites: a review. J Polym Environ2007; 15: 25–33.
49.
JosephPVRabelloMSMattosoLHCet al.Environmental effects on the degradation behaviour of sisal fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Compos Sci Technol2002; 62: 1357–1372.
BismarckAMohantyAKAranberri-AskargortaICzaplaSet al.Surface characterization of natural fibres; surface properties and the water up-take behavior of modified sisal and coir fibres. Green Chem2001; 3: 100–107.
52.
LiXLopeGPanigrahiST. Chemical treatments of natural fibre for use in natural fibre-reinforced composites: a review. J Polym Environ2007; 15: 25–33.
53.
De RosaIMSantulliCSarasiniF. Mechanical and thermal characterization of epoxy composites reinforced with random and quasi-unidirectional untreated Phormium tenax leaf fibres. Mater Des2010; 31: 2397–2405.
54.
JohnMJAnandjiwalaRD. Recent developments in chemical modification and characterization of natural fibre-reinforced composites. Polym Compos2008; 29: 187–207.
55.
ChandNSatyanarayanaKGRohatgiPK. Mechanical characteristics of sun hemp fibres. Indian J Text Res1986; 11: 86–89.
56.
HornsbyPRHinrichsenETarverdiK. Preparation and properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with wheat and flax straw fibres: part I fibre characterization. J Mater Sci1997; 32: 443–449.
ChandNTiwaryRKRohatgiPK. Bibliography resource structure properties of natural cellulosic fibres an annotated bibliography. J Mater Sci1988; 23: 381–387.
59.
BessellTJMutuliSM. The interfacial bond strength of sisal cement composites using a tensile test. J Mater Sci Letters1982; 1: 244–246.
60.
PavithranCMukherjeePSBrahmakumarMet al.Impact properties of natural fibre composites. J Mater Sci Letters1987; 6: 882–884.
61.
KalaprasadGJosephKThomasSet al.Theoretical modelling of tensile properties of short sisal fibre-reinforced low-density polyethylene composites. J Mater Sci1997; 32: 4261–4267.
62.
NairKCDiwanSMThomasS. Tensile properties of short sisal fibre reinforced polystyrene composites. J Appl Polym Sci1996; 60: 1483–1497.
63.
MukherjeePSSatyanarayanaKG. Structure and properties of some vegetable fibres. J Mater Sci1986; 21: 51–56.
64.
LiYMaHShenYet al.Effects of resin inside fibre lumen on the mechanical properties of sisal fibre reinforced composites. Compos Sci Technol2015; 108: 32–40.
65.
GeorgeJSreekalaMSThomasS. A review on interface modification and characterization of natural fibre reinforced plastic composites. Polym Eng Sci2001; 41: 1471–1485.
66.
SudhakaraPJagadeeshDWangYet al.Fabrication of Borassus fruit lignocellulose fibre/PP composites and comparison with jute, sisal and coir fibres. Carbo Polym2013; 98: 1002–1010.
67.
OksmanKWallstromLBerglundL. Morphology and mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal–epoxy composites. J Appl Polym Sci2002; 84: 2358–2365.
YanLChouwNJayaramanK. Flax fibre and its composites—A review. Compos: Part B2014; 56: 296–317.
70.
HudaMSDrzalLTMohantyAKet al.Effect of chemical modifications of the pineapple leaf fibre surfaces on the interfacial and mechanical properties of laminated biocomposites. Compos Inter2008; 15: 169–191.
71.
BrahimSBCheikhRB. Influence of fibre orientation and volume fraction on the tensile properties of unidirectional Alfa-polyester composite. Compos Sci Technol2007; 67: 140–147.
72.
RamnathBVManickavasagamBMElanchezhianCet al.Determination of mechanical properties of intra-layer abaca–jute–glass fibre reinforced composite. Mater Des2014; 60: 643–652.
73.
LiXLopeGPanigrahiST. Chemical treatments of natural fibre for use in natural fibre-reinforced composites: A review. J Polym Environ2007; 15: 25–33.
74.
OkubKFujiTYamamotoY. Development of bamboo-based polymer composites and their mechanical properties. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac2004; 35: 377–383.
75.
CaoYShibataSFukumotoI. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac2006; 37: 423–429.
76.
VilayVMariattiMTaibRMet al.Effect of fibre surface treatment and fibre loading on the properties of bagasse fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester composite. Compos Sci Technol2008; 68: 631–638.
77.
Joseph K, et al. Natural fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites, in Proceeding, Natural Polymers and Agro-fibres Composites. In: Frollini E, Leao AL, Mattoso LHC (eds) Natural polymers and agrofibres composites. Sãn Carlos (Brazil): Embrapa, USP-IQSC, UNESP, 2000: 159–20.
78.
SydenstrickerTHMochnazSAmicoSC. Pull-out and other evaluations in sisal-reinforced polyester biocomposites. Polym Test2003; 22: 375–380.
79.
KaliaSKaushikVKSharmaRK. Effect of benzoylation and graft copolymerization on morphology, thermal stability, and crystallinity of sisal fibres. J Natur Fib2011; 8: 27–38.
80.
HajihHSainMMeiLH. Modification and characterization of hemp and sisal fibres. J Natur Fib2014; 11: 144–168.
81.
MishraSMohantyAKDrzalLTet al.Studies on mechanical performance of biofibre/glass reinforced polyester hybrid composites. Compos Sci Technol2003; 63: 1377–1385.
82.
JosephPVJosephKThomasSet al.The thermal and crystallisation studies of short sisal fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufact2003; 34: 253–266.
83.
LiYMaiYW. Interfacial characteristics of sisal fibre and polymeric matrices. J Adhes2006; 82: 527–554.
SreekumarPAThomasSPmarc SaiterJet al.Effect of fibre surface modification on the mechanical and water absorption characteristics of sisal/polyester composites fabricated by resin transfer molding. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac2009; 40: 1777–1784.
87.
KhanamPNKhalilHAJawaidMet al.Sisal/carbon fibre reinforced hybrid composites: tensile, flexural and chemical resistance properties. J Polym Environ2010; 18: 727–733.
88.
ArthanarieswaranVPKumaravelAKathirselvamM. Evaluation of mechanical properties of banana and sisal fibre reinforced epoxy composites: Influence of glass fibre hybridization. Mater Des2014; 64: 194–202.
89.
Gohil PP, Chaudhary V and Shaikh AA. Natural fibre-reinforced composites: potential, applications, and properties. In Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials 51–72 Springer Int Publish 2015.
90.
OliveiraFBGardratCEnjalbalCet al.Phenol–furfural resins to elaborate composites reinforced with sisal fibres—molecular analysis of resin and properties of composites. J Appl Polym Sci2008; 109: 2291–2303.
MahatoKGoswamiSAmbarkarA. Morphology and mechanical properties of sisal fibre/vinyl ester composites. Fib Polym2014; 15: 1310–1320.
93.
HaqueRSaxenaMShitSCet al.Fibre-matrix adhesion and properties evaluation of sisal polymer composite. Fib Polym2015; 16: 146–152.
94.
ValasekP. Study on impact strength of sisal fibres reinforced epoxy composites using experimental methods. Agron Res2016; 14: 1116–1122.
95.
BadrinathRSenthilvelanT. Comparative investigation on mechanical properties of banana and sisal reinforced polymer based composites. Proced Mater Sci2014; 5: 2263–2272.
96.
BisandaETNAnsellMP. The effect of silane treatment on the mechanical and physical properties of sisal-epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol1991; 41: 165–178.
97.
RaoKMMRaoKMPrasadAR. Fabrication and testing of natural fibre composites: vakka, sisal, bamboo and banana. Mater Des2010; 31: 508–513.
98.
MilaneseACCioffiMOHVoorwaldHJC. Thermal and mechanical behaviour of sisal/phenolic composites. Compos Part B: Eng2012; 43: 2843–2850.
99.
PengXZhongLRenJet al.Laccase and alkali treatments of cellulose fibre: Surface lignin and its influences on fibre surface properties and interfacial behaviour of sisal fibre/phenolic resin composites. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac2010; 41: 1848–1856.
100.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. Properties of sisal fibre reinforced epoxy composite. Indian J Fib Text Res2016; 41: 235–241.
101.
PrasadARRaoKM. Mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polyester composites: Jowar, sisal and bamboo. Mater Des2011; 32: 4658–4663.
102.
NayakSKDixitGKuttanKA. Mechanical properties of eco-friendly recycled polymer composites: a comparative study of theoretical and experimental results. Int J Plast Technol2013; 17: 75–93.
103.
GuptaAKBiswalMMohantySet al.Mechanical and thermal degradation behavior of sisal fibre (SF) reinforced recycled polypropylene (RPP) composites. Fib Polym2014; 15: 994–1003.
104.
SuppakarnNJarukumjornK. Mechanical properties and flammability of sisal/PP composites: effect of flame retardant type and content. Compos Part B: Eng2009; 40: 613–618.
105.
ZhaoXLiRKBaiSL. Mechanical properties of sisal fibre reinforced high density polyethylene composites: effect of fibre content, interfacial compatibilization, and manufacturing process. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manufac2014; 65: 169–174.
106.
OladeleIOAgbabiakaOG. Investigating the influence of mercerization treatment of sisal fibre on the mechanical properties of reinforced polypropylene composites and modeling of the properties. Fib Polym2015; 16: 650.
107.
KalaprasadGThomasSPavithranCet al.Hybrid influeznce of short sisal glass fibre addition on the mechanical properties of sisal reinforced low density polyethylene composites. J Reinf Plast Compos1996; 15: 48–73.
108.
MukhopadhyaySSrikantaR. Effect of ageing of sisal fibres on properties of sisal–polypropylene composites. Polym Deg Stab2008; 93: 2048–2051.
109.
BakareIOOkieimenFEPavithranCet al.Mechanical and thermal properties of sisal fibre-reinforced rubber seed oil-based polyurethane composites. Mater Des2010; 31: 4274–4280.
110.
AlvarezVARuseckaite RA and VazquezA. Degradation of sisal fibre/Mater Bi-Y biocomposites buried in soil. Polym Deg Stab2006; 91: 3156–3162.
111.
RanjanRBajpaiPKTyagiRK. Mechanical characterization of banana/sisal fibre reinforced PLA hybrid composites for structural application. Eng Int2013; 1: 39–48.
112.
LiZZhouXPeiC. Effect of sisal fibre surface treatment on properties of sisal fibre reinforced polylactide composites. Int J Polym Sci2011.
113.
Gunti RajeshRatna PrasadAVGuptaAVSSKS. Mechanical and degradation properties of natural fibre reinforced PLA composites: Jute, sisal, and elephant grass. Polym Compos2016. DOI: 10.1002/pc.24041.
114.
HosokawaMNDarrosABMorisVADSet al.Polyhydroxybutyrate Composites with Random Mats of Sisal and Coconut Fibres. Mater Res2017; 20: 279–290.
115.
JarukumjornKSuppakarnN. Effect of glass fibre hybridization on properties of sisal fibre–polypropylene composites. Compos Part B: Eng2009; 40: 623–627.
116.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRKKumarSet al.Mechanical and Water Absorption Properties of Hybrid Sisal/Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite. American J Polym Sci Eng2015; 3: 208–219.
117.
SinghBGuptaMVermaA. Mechanical behaviour of particulate hybrid composite laminates as potential building materials. Construc Build Mater1995; 9: 39–44.
118.
RameshMPalanikumarKReddyKH. Mechanical property evaluation of sisal–jute–glass fibre reinforced polyester composites. Compos Part B: Eng2013; 48: 1–9.
119.
RameshMPalanikumarKReddyKH. Comparative evaluation on properties of hybrid glass fibre-sisal/jute reinforced epoxy composites. Proceed Eng2013; 51: 745–750.
120.
KumarKPSekaranASJPitchandiK. Investigation on mechanical properties of woven alovera/sisal/kenaf fibre and its hybrid composites. Bullet Mater Sci2017; 40: 117–128.
121.
VenkateshwaranNElayaPerumalAAlavudeenAet al.Mechanical and water absorption behaviour of banana/sisal reinforced hybrid composites. Mater Des2011; 32: 4017–4021.
122.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. Mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties of hybrid sisal/jute fibre reinforced polymer composite. Indian J Eng Mater Sci2016; 23: 231–238.
123.
SinghNPAggarwalLGuptaVK. Tensile Behavior of Sisal/Hemp Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Hybrid Composite. Mater Today: Proceed2015; 2: 3140–3148.
124.
HuangZGeHYinJet al.Effects of fibre loading and chemical treatments on properties of sisal fibre-reinforced sheet molding compounds. J Compos Mater2016, pp. 0021998316683440.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. Effect of sisal fibre loading on dynamic mechanical analysis and water absorption behaviour of jute fibre epoxy composite. Mater Today: Proceed2015; 2: 2909–2917.
127.
MishraSMohantyAKDrzalLTet al.A review on pineapple leaf fibres, sisal fibres and their biocomposites. Macromol Mater Eng2004; 289: 955–974.
128.
GirishaCSanjeevamurthyGSrinivasGR. Sisal/Coconut coir natural fibres-epoxy composites: water absorption and mechanical properties. Int J Eng Innova Technol2012; 2: 166–170.
129.
DixitSVermaP. The effect of hybridization on mechanical behaviour of coir/sisal/jute fibres reinforced polyester composite material. Res J Chem Sci2012; 2: 91–93.
130.
NairKCThomasS. Effect of interface modification on the mechanical properties of polystyrene-sisal fibre composites. Polym Compos2003; 24: 332–343.
131.
GuptaMKSrivastavaRK. Tribological and dynamic mechanical analysis of epoxy based hybrid sisal/jute composite. Indian J Eng & Mater Sci2016; 23: 37–44.
132.
BajpaiPKSinghIMadaanJ. Frictional and adhesive wear performance of natural fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Proceed Inst Mech Eng, Part J: J Eng Trib2013; 227: 385–392.
133.
GuptaMK. Thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis of hybrid jute/sisal fibre reinforced epoxy composite. J Mater: Des App. Part-L2016. DOI: 10.1177/1464420716646398.
134.
NaiduVNPReddyGRKumarMA. Thermal conductivity of sisal/glass fibre reinforced hybrid composites. Int J Fib Text Res2011; 1: 28–30.
135.
ChandNDwivediUK. Sliding wear and friction characteristics of sisal fibre reinforced polyester composites: Effect of silane coupling agent and applied load. Polym Compos2008; 29: 280–284.
136.
DwivediUKChandN. Influence of MA-g-PP on abrasive wear behaviour of chopped sisal fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. J Mater Process Technol2009; 209: 5371–5375.
137.
Ashok KumarMRamachandra ReddyGSiva BharathiYet al.Frictional coefficient, hardness, impact strength, and chemical resistance of reinforced sisal-glass fibre epoxy hybrid composites. J Compos Mater2010; 44: 3195–3202.
138.
ChandNDwivediUK. Influence of fibre orientation on high stress wear behavior of sisal fibre-reinforced epoxy composites. Polym Compos2007; 28: 437–441.
139.
AzeredoH. Nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Food Res Int2009; 42(9): 1240–53.
140.
CorradiSIsidoriTCorradiMSoleriet al.Composite boat hulls with bamboo natural fibres. Int J Mater Prod Technol2009; 36(1): 73–89.
141.
KymäläinenHRSjöbergAM. Flax and hemp fibres as raw materials for thermal insulations. Build Environ2008; 43(7): 1261–9.
142.
YoussefAMEl-SamahyMARehimMHA. Preparation of conductive paper composites based on natural cellulosic fibers for packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym2012; 89(4): 1027–32.
143.
RaiAJhaCN. Natural fibre composites and its potential as building materials. Express Textile2004; 25: 116–220.
144.
Automotive & Composites Division. 2008. p. 492–500.
145.
Pickering K. Properties and performance of natural-fibre composites. Cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing; 2008.
146.
Sharma, D. India automotive components industry, Swiss Business Hub India. 2004, 1–20.
147.
HoM-PWangHLeeJ-Het al.Critical factors on manufacturing processes of natural fibre composites. Composites Part B2012; 43(8): 3549–62.
