Silver-filled electrically conductive epoxy and silver nitrate-plated textile composite materials for EMC

Abstract

A study on the effect of silver-filled electrical epoxy materials and the effect of electroless silver nitrate-plated woven fabrics on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of various woven fabrics has been reported. Polyester, cotton, polyester/viscose blend, and polyester/cotton blend fabrics were treated with silver-filled electrical epoxy by pad-cure method. The polyester fabrics were treated with various levels of silver nitrate concentration, temperature, and time to analyze EMSE. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of these silver-filled electrical epoxy-coated fabrics and electroless silver nitrate-plated woven fabrics has been measured in the frequency range 20—18,000 MHz using network analyzer equipment with MIL-STD 285 and also the morphological structures of the silver-filled electrical epoxy-coated woven materials and electroless silver nitrate-plated woven fabrics were analyzed using scanning electron microscope. It is observed that the silver-filled electrical epoxy cotton fabric has better electromagnetic shielding effectiveness than the polyester/cotton blend, polyester/viscose blend, and polyester fabric in the frequency range 20—18,000 MHz. It is also observed that the silver-filled electrical epoxy-coated cotton fabric has maximum shielding effectiveness (50—69 dB) in the frequency range 60—15,000 MHz. It is observed that the silver nitrate concentration and temperature have a significant influence on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of silver nitrate-plated fabrics. It is also observed that the maximum EMSE (45—55 dB) was obtained in the frequency range 180—8000 MHz.

Keywords

composite electroless shielding silver electromagnetic wave and radiation

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

King RWP. Electrical currents and fields induced in cells in the human brain by radiation from hand-held cellular telephones. J Appl Phys 2000; 87: 893900.

Gandhi OP Electromagnetic fields: human safety issues. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2002; 4: 211234.

Hocking B. and Westerman R. Neurological effects of radiofrequency radiation. Occup Med (Lond) 2003; 53(2): 123127.

Zamanian A. and Hardiman C. Electromagnetic radiation and human health: a review of sources and effects, high frequency electronics. In: Summit Technical Media, Bedford, UK, Vol. 4(3), 2005, pp.1626.

Ericsson. ‘Radio Waves and Health, Mobile Communications, Ericsson Brochure from 2006’, http//www.ericsson.com (2006, accessed May 2007 ).

Perumalraj R. and Dasaradan BS Electromagnetic shielding fabric . Asian Text J 2008; 17(10): 6268.

Perumalraj R. , Dasaradan BS and Sampath VR Study on electromagnetic shielding conductive fabrics. In: National Conference on Functional Textiles and Apparels, PSG Technology , Coimbatore, 2007, pp.187203.

Perumalraj R. , Ganeshbabu C. , Saravanan L. and Sujatha K. Protective conductive textiles. In: National Conference on Signals Systems and Security (NCSSS 2006), BIT, Sathyamangalam , 2006, pp.311316.

World Health Organization Homepage on the Internet. ‘World Health Organization 2007’, http//www.who.int/peh-emf/en/ (2007, accessed May 2007).

10.

Tan KS , Hinberg I. and Wadhwani J. Electromagnetic interference in medical devices: health Canada’s past and current perspectives and activities. IEEE Int Symp Electromagn Compat 2001; 2: 12831288.

11.

Kuhn HH , Child AD and Kimbrell WC Toward real applications of conductive polymers. Synth Met 1995; 71: 21392142.

12.

Angelopoulos M. Conducting polymers in microelectronics. IBM J Res Dev 2001; 45: 5775.

13.

MacDiarmid AG Synthetic metals: a novel role for organic polymers. Synth Met 2001; 125: 1122.

14.

Chung DDL. Electrical applications of carbon materials . J Mater Sci 2004; 39: 26452661.

15.

Wang Y. and Jing X. Intrinsically conducting polymers for electromagnetic interference shielding . Polym Adv Technol 2005; 16: 344351.

16.

Kasevich RS Cellphones, radars, and health. IEEE Spectr 2002; 39(8): 1516.

17.

Habash RW Electromagnetic-the uncertain health risks. IEEE Potentials 2003; 22(1): 2326.

18.

Stuchly MA Health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields. In: Proceedings of Applications Conference in Aerospace, Aspen, CO, USA, Vol. 1, 1995 , pp.351368.

19.

Williams T. The health effects of electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic compatibility in heavy power installations. IEE Colloq 1999; 23: 5/15/6.

20.

Niehs. NIEHS Report on Health Effects from Exposure to Power-line Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields , NIEHS, National Institute of Health, NC 27709, 1999.

21.

Stuchly MA Electromagnetic fields and health. IEEE Potentials 1993; 12(2): 3439.

22.

Cheng KB , Ramakrishna S. and Lee KC Development of conductive knitted-fabric-reinforced thermoplastic composites for electromagnetic shielding applications. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 2000; 13(5): 378399.

23.

Cheng KB , Lee KC , Ueng TH and Mou KJ Electrical and impact properties of the hybrid knitted inlaid fabric reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites Part A 2002; 33(9): 12191226.

24.

Cheng KB , Ramakrishna S. and Lee KC Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of copper/glass fiber knitted fabric reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites Part A 2000; 31(10): 10391045.

25.

Chen HC , Lee KC and Lin JH Electromagnetic and electrostatic shielding properties of co-weaving-knitting fabrics reinforced composites. Composites Part A 2004; 35(11): 12491256.

26.

Smith WC Coated and laminated fabrics putting the industry in perspective. J Coated Fabrics 1999; 28: 292299.

27.

McCarty C. and McQuaid M. Structure and surface contemporary Japanese textile. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1998, pp.1131.

28.

Braddock SE and O’Mahony M. Techno textiles revolutionary fabrics for fashion and design. London: Thames and Hudson, 1999.

29.

Higgins JPP. Cloth of gold, a history of metallised textiles. Dover , Kent: Buckland Press Ltd, 1993, p.81.

30.

Chen HC , Lee KC , Lin JH and Koch M. Fabrication of conductive woven fabric and analysis of electromagnetic shielding via measurement and empirical equation. J Mater Process Technol 2007; 184: 124130.

31.

Cheng KB , Cheng TW , Nadaraj RN , Giri Dev VR and Neelakandan R. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the twill copper woven fabrics . J Reinf Plast Compos 2006; 25(7): 699709.

32.

Cheng KB , Lee KC , Ueng TH and Mou KJ Electrical and impact properties of the hybrid knitted inlaid fabric reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites Part A 2002; 33: 12191226.

33.

Perumalraj R. , Dasaradan BS , Anbarasu R. , Arokiaraj P. and Leo Harish S. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of copper core-woven fabrics. J Text Inst 2009 ; 100(6): 512524.

34.

Perumalraj R. and Dasaradan BS Electrically conductive polymer materials for EMI shielding. Asian Text J 2009; 18(1): 4957.

35.

Perumalraj R. and Dasaradan BS Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of copper core yarn knitted fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009; 34(2): 149 154 .

36.

Perumalraj R. and Dasaradan BS Tensile properties of core yarn . J Text Apparel Technol Manage 2009; 6(2): 123.

37.

Perumalraj R. , Nallankilli G. , Arunprasath VK , Dharmaraj K. , Adithya S. and Dasaradan BS Nanosilver finishing of composite materials for EMSE. J Reinf Plast Compos 2010; 29(18): 27532770.

38.

Perumalraj R. , Nallankilli G. and Dasaradan BS Textile composite materials for EMC. J Reinf Plast Compos 2010; 29(19): 29923005.

39.

Perumalraj R. and Dasaradan BS Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of doubled copper cotton yarn woven materials. Fibres Text East Eur 2010; 18(3): 7480.

40.

Perumalraj R. and Dasaradan BS Tensile properties of copper core yarn. J Reinf Plast Compos 2010; 29(11): 16881701.

41.

Lee HJ , Yeo SY and Jeong SH Antibacterial effect of nanosized silver colloidal solution on textile fabrics . J Mater Sci 2003; 38: 21992204.

42.

Joeger TK , Joeger R. , Olsson E. and Granqvist CG Bacteria as workers in the living factory: metal-accumulating bacteria and their potential for materials science. Trades Biotechnol 2001; 19: 1520.

43.

Lee HJ and Jeong SH Bacteriostasis and skin innoxiousness of nanosize silver colloids on textile fabrics. Text Res J 2005; 75: 551556.

44.

Carlson K. In vitro toxicity assessment of silver nanoparticles in rat alveolar macrophages , Master of Science Thesis, Wright State University, USA, 2006.