ESCR Behavior of Plastic Materials in Medical Environments

Abstract

Besides other facets of product development, it is imperative for medical device manufacturers to take great efforts through proper evaluation and consideration of material properties under practical conditions to prevent product failure at the end-uses. The environmental stress crack (ESCR) induced by chemical agents plays a significant role on material performances. In this contribution, in-depth studies have been carried out on different medical plastic materials, such as polycarbonate, copolyesters, ABS, acrylics, rigid thermoplastic polyurethane and their blends. More attention will be focused on a copolyester material for its unique ESCR behavior. Variation of chemical agents (such as different types of hospital disinfection solutions) have great impacts on physical and functional properties. Various plastics shows distinct environmental stress cracking phenomena under different conditions. Mechanisms of ESCR phenomenon under different environments have been explored. Fibril reinforcement by cold crystallization and chain session by hydrolysis of the copolyester may have contributed to its excellent chemical resistance against a wide range of chemicals and its catastrophic failure in acidic or basic environment. In addition, appropriate definition of product failures is also critical in making materials decisions.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

1. C. Qin , S. Ding , V. Zepchi , H. Dhyani and K. Z. Hong , “Environmental-Stress-Crack Resistance of Rigid Thermoplastic Polyurethane,” J. Applied Medical Polymers, 2(1), 24–28(1998).

2. C. Qin , Y. S. Ding , H. Dhyani , K. Z. Hong , M. Monaghan , V. Zepchi and L. Woo , “Effect of Therapeutic Fluids and Hospital Disinfection Solutions on Plastic Medical Devices,” SPE ANTEC, 3185–3190 (1998).

3. Internal Reports of Baxter Healthcare Corporation.

4. I. L. Hopkins , W. O. Kaker and J. B. Howard , J. Appl. Phys. 21, 206-206(1950).

5. J. P. Berry , J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 6, 617-617(1962).

6. B. Howard , Paper at First Annual Conference, Plastic Institute of America, December 3–4, 1963; SPE Trans., 4, 217-217(1964).

7. J. B. Howard , Polym. Eng. and Sci., July, 125-125(1965).

8. R. P. Kambour , J. Polym. Sci.: Macromolecular Review, 7, 1-1(1973).

9. R. P. Kambour , C. L. Gruner and E. E. Romagosa , Macromolecules, 7(2), 248-248(1974).

10.

10. L. F. Henry , Polym. Eng. & Sci., 14(3), 167-167(1974).

11.

11. W. V. Titow , Plastic & Polymers, June, 98-98 (1975).