Previous research suggests that pro-environmental groups in the Global South are strongly influenced by international organizations and monetary forces. However, scholars have not systematically examined the variety of transnational linkages that affect such nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Drawing from the experiences of Taiwan’s environmental NGOs (ENGOs), this paper theorizes four possible types of transnational linkages. Interviews with and archival data on a representative sample of 30 major ENGOs in Taiwan reveal only modest effects of international financial resources and direct connections to international organizational actors. Rather, Taiwan’s ENGOs are mainly influenced by (1) the universalistic knowledge and practices carried by experts and professionals and (2) horizontal organizational learning and modeling facilitated by common organizational identities.
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