Since their arrival in Europe in the Middle Ages the Gypsies have suffered from discrimination on the grounds of racial prejudice. In the 20th century the NAZI doctrine lead to Porrajmos - the Gypsy Holocaust. In the post-war communist countries, Gypsies were forced to give up their traditional ways of life and become productive. Persecution of Gypsies - those who stayed in the post-communist countries and those who migrated to the West - continued in Europe after the big changes of 1989 and up to the present time.
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe . (1993) Roma (Gypsies) in the CSCE Region. Report of the High Commissioner on National Minorities, September.
2.
Council of Europe . (1994) Council of Europe Activities Concerning Roma/Gypsies and Travellers. Information document, Strasbourg, August.
3.
Ficowski, J. (1985) Cyganie na Polskich Drogach (Gypsies on Polish Roads). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Lite-Rackie.
4.
Ficowski, J. (1986) Demony Cudzego Strachu (Demons of Other People's Fear). Warszawa: Ludona Spótdzielniav Wydawnicz.
5.
Giza-Poleszczuk, A. and Poleszczuk, J. (1994) Cyganie i Polacy w Mławie. Unpublished results of the sociological research in Mławie, Warsaw.
6.
Hancock, I. (1991) `Gypsy History in Germany and Neighbouring Lands: A Chronology Leading to the Holocaust', in David Crowe and John Kolsti (eds) The Gypsies of Eastern Europe. London: M. E. Sharpe.
7.
Hancock, I. (1994) Report before the Congressional Human Rights Hearing on Abuses against Gypsies in Eastern Europe. Washington, 14 April.
8.
Hawes, D. and Perez, B. (1995) The Gypsy and the State: The Ethnic Cleansing of British Society. Bristol: SAUS Publications.
9.
Institute for Jewish Policy Research . (1996) The Roma/Gypsies of Europe: A Persecuted People. JPR policy paper No. 3, December.
10.
International Romani Union . (1992) Romanis and the Helsinki Process, A Non-Governmental Report. Helsinki: Typescript.
11.
Jewish Policy Research Paper, No. 3 (1996) `The Roma/Gypsies of Europe'. London: Institute for Jewish Policy Research.
12.
Leeds City Council . (1995) Travelling People - Council Policy. Confidential document, February.
13.
Minority Rights Group International . (1994/5) Roma/Gypsies: A European Minority. Report 95/4.
14.
O'DROM . (1994) Magazine for and about Roma and Sinti in Europe. Special English-language edition, Amsterdam, September.
15.
Roma National Congress. (1994) 9 November, International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism, leaflet.
