Les progrès récents de la génétique humaine laissent entrevoir des retombées majeures pour la pra t ique clinique, y compris en psychiatrie. Le but de cet ar ti cle est de familiariser le lecteur avec les méthodes de re cher che utilisées en psychiatrie génétique et d'en illustrer l'application, afin de mieux comprendre les défis auxquels fait face la psychiatrie génétique ainsi que les stratégies utilisées pour les relever.
Nous réviserons les preuves de la participation de facteurs génétiques à l'étiologie des troub les psychiatriques et nous examinerons la spécificité et non-spécificité de leur ex pres sion. Nous évoquerons les difficultés liées à la précision imparfaite des méthodes diagnostiques, à la pénétrance incomplète des trou bles psychiatriques, à leur hétérogénéité génétique, à la présence de phénocopies et finalement à l'incertitude quant au mode de trans mis sion des trou bles psychiatriques. Finalement, nous donnerons un aperçu des résultats les plus prometteurs et dégagerons les priorités pour les études à venir.
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