Abstract
Objective:
To test the hypothesis that anxiety disorders are associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a child and adolescent sample referred to a clinic.
Method
The sample comprised 1979 patients aged 5 to 19 years who were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children – Present Episode (K-SADS-P) at an outpatient mood and anxiety disorders clinic. Subjects were stratified by age and categorized into mutually exclusive groups as being non-suicidal (n = 817), having suicidal ideation (n = 768), or having attempted suicide (n = 394) in the current episode. Psychiatric diagnoses based on DSM-IV criteria were compared to determine if anxiety disorders were a risk factor for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Logistic regression was used to control for significant demographic characteristics and comorbid disorders.
Results
After stratifying by age, we found no differences across the 3 groups (ideators, attempters, and nonsuicidal youth) in rates of an anxiety disorder in general or in specific rates of panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, simple phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Two salient findings involving anxiety disorders were noted with regression analysis. In younger children (age ≤ 15 years), attempters had a signficantly lower prevalence of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), compared with ideators (OR = 0.30; 95%CI, 0.11 to 0.80; P = 0.006) and nonsuicidal youngsters (OR = 0.14; 95%CI, 0.05 to 0.39; P < 0.0001). In older children (age >15 years), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was more prevalent in ideators (OR = 1.65; 95%CI, 1.03 to 2.66; P = 0.03) than in nonsuicidal patients.
Conclusions
Based on this clinical sample, the relation between pediatric anxiety disorder and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts is not straightforward. However, further studies in nonreferred samples are warranted.