Social memory and social creativity are the two processes whereby social systems are reproduced and change without teleology. Social memory, with its ideal features but also its material embodiments, must have the collective dimension brought out, without detriment to the shifting and personalized ways with which individuals deal with it. It provides the patterns for the structuring of social life in the hermeneutic-cognitive and in the material, as well as in the space-time dimension. Social creativity is responsible for the introduction of innovations in daily life and in history. Creativity is to a great extent rooted in the fluid unconscious of individuals, but demands rational thinking to achieve greater impact upon social life. Immersed in undetermined social interactions, individual action is mediated by variably (de)centred collective subjectivities that possess a specific property, namely collective causality. Social creativity thus develops in both the individual and the collective dimensions.
Alexander, J.C. (1986) “The New Theoretical Movement” in N. Smelser (ed.) Handbook of Sociology, pp. 84-132. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
2.
Bakhtin, M. (Volochinov) (1929) Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. London: Seminar (1973).
3.
Baumann, Z. (1992) Intimations of Postmodernity. London: Routledge.
4.
Becker, H. (1963) Outsiders. New York: Free Press (1973).
5.
Bloch, M. (1991) “Language, Anthropology and Cognitive Science”, Man26: 183-198.
6.
Blumer, H. (1969) Symbolic Interactionism. Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
7.
Boudon, R. (1977) Effets pervers et ordre social. Paris: Quadrige and Presses Universitaires de France.
8.
Bourdieu, P. (1979) La Distinction. Paris: Minuit.
9.
Bourdieu, P. (1980) Le Sens pratique. Paris: Minuit.
10.
Castoriadis, C. (1975) L'Institution imaginaire de la société. Paris: Seuil.
11.
Connerton, P. (1989) Social Memory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
12.
Derrida, J. (1966) “La Structure, le signe et le jeu dans le discours des sciences humaines”, in L'Ecriture et la différence, pp. 409-428. Paris: Seuil (1967).
Domingues, J.M. (1995a) Sociological Theory and Collective Subjectivity. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan/New York: Saint Martin's Press.
15.
Domingues, J.M. (1995b) “Sociological Theory and the Space-Time Dimension of Social Systems”, Time and Society4: 233-250.
16.
Domingues, J.M. (1995c) “Richard Morse and the `Iberian-American' Path”, Revista Interamericana de Bibliografia45: 161-169.
17.
Domingues, J.M. (1995d) “Causalidade coletiva, natureza e sistemas sociais”, Estudos de sociologia1: 39-49.
18.
Domingues, J.M. (1996a) “Sociology and the Logic of Theoretical Research”, Sociology30: 763-783.
19.
Domingues, J.M. (1996b) “História, evolução e subjetividade coletiva”, Revista brasileira de informacao bibliografica42: 7-40.
20.
Durkheim, E. (1895) Règles de la méthode sociologique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (1977).
21.
Durkheim, E. (1915) Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (1994).
22.
Eder, K. (1985) Geschichte als Lerneprozess. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
23.
Eder, K. (1988) Die Vergesellschaftung der Natur. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
24.
Eder, K. (1993) The New Politics of Class. London: Sage.
25.
Fentress, J. and Wickham, C. (1992) Social Memory: New Perspectives on the Past. Oxford: Blackwell.
26.
Freud, S. (1900) Die Traumdeutung: Studienausgabe, Vol. I. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer (1972).
27.
Freud, S. (1905) Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie: Studienausgabe, Vol. II. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer (1972).
28.
Freud, S. (1907) “Der Dichter und das Phantasieren”, in Studienausgabe, Vol. X, pp. 171-179. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer (1979).
29.
Freud, S. (1911) “Formulierung über zwei Prinzipien des psychischen Geschehen”, in Studienausgabe, Vol. III, pp. 17-24. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer (1975).
30.
Freud, S. (1915) “Das Unbewusste”, in Studienausgabe, Vol. III, pp. 125-162. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer (1975).
31.
Freud, S. (1923) “Das Ich und das Es”, in Studienausgabe, Vol. III, pp. 282-325. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer (1975).
32.
Freud, S. (1930) Das Unbehagen in der Kultur: Studienausgabe, Vol. IX. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer (1974).
33.
Freud, S. (1938) “Abriss der Psychoanalyse”, in Gesammelte Werke, Vol. 17, pp. 63-138. London: Imago (1941).
34.
Gadamer, H.-G. (1960) Wahrheit und Methode. Tübingen: Mohr.
35.
Gadamer, H.-G. (1979) “The Problem of Historical Consciousness”, in P. Rabinow and N.M. Sullivan (eds) Interpretive Social Sciences, pp. 103-160. Berkeley: University of California Press.
36.
Giddens, A. (1976) New Rules of Sociological Method. London: Hutchinson (1988).
37.
Giddens, A. (1977) “The Concept of Power in the Writings of Talcott Parsons”, in Politics, Sociology and Social Theory, pp. 199-215. Cambridge: Polity (1995).
38.
Giddens, A. (1979) Central Problems in Social Theory. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan.
39.
Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
40.
Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
41.
Giddens, A. (1993) “Introduction to the Second Edition”, in New Rules of Sociological Method, pp. 1-15. Cambridge: Polity Press.
42.
Goffman, E. (1967) Interaction Ritual. New York: Anchor Books.
43.
Goody, J. (1977) The Domestication of the Savage Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44.
Gramsci, A. (1934-5) Quaderni del Carcere. Turin: Einaudi (1975).
45.
Habermas, J. (1967) “Ein Literaturbericht: Zur Logik der Sozialwissenschaften”, in Zur Logik der Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 89-266. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp (1982).
46.
Habermas, J. (1970) “Der Universalitätanspruch der Hermeneutik”, in Zur Logik der Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 331-360. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp (1982).
47.
Habermas, J. (1975) “Zur Rekonstruktion Historischen Materialismus”, in Zur Rekonstruktion Historischen Materialismus, pp. 144-199. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp (1976).
48.
Habermas, J. (1976a) “Was heisst Universalpragmatik?”, in Vorstudien und Ergänzungen zur Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns, pp. 1-46. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp (1984).
49.
Habermas, J. (1976b) “Einleitung: Historischer Materialismus und die Entwicklung normativer Strukturen”, in Zur Rekonstruktion Historischen Materialismus, pp. 9-49. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp (1976).
50.
Habermas, J. (1981) Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns, Vols. 1 and 2. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp (1988).
51.
Hägerstrand, T. (1968) “Diffusion of Innovations”, in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, pp. 174-178. New York: Free Press.
52.
Halbwachs, M. (1950) La Mémoire collective. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
53.
Joas, H. (1992) Die Kreativität des Handelns. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
54.
Lacan, J. (1953) “Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage en psychanalyse”, in Ecrits, pp. 237-322. Paris: Seuil (1966).
55.
Lacan, J. (1960) “L'Instance de la lettre dans l'inconscient ou la raison depuis Freud”, in Ecrits, pp. 493-528. Paris: Seuil (1966).
56.
Lacan, J. (1967) “Subversion du sujet et dialectique du désir dans l'inconscient freudien”, in Ecrits, pp. 793-827. Paris: Seuil (1966).
57.
Laclau, E. and Mouffe, C. (1989) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. London: Verso (1990).
58.
Laplanche, J. and Leclaire, S. (1961) “L'Inconscient: une étude psychanalytique”, in J. Laplanche, L'Inconscient et le ça, pp. 261-321. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (1981).
59.
Leach, E. (1976) Culture and Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60.
Leledakis, K. (1995) Society and the Psyche: Social Theory and the Unconscious Dimension of Social Life. Oxford: Berg.
61.
Long, S. (1992) A Structural Analysis of Small Groups. London: Routledge.
62.
Luhmann, N. (1988) Soziale Systeme. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
63.
Mann, M. (1973) Conscience and Action among the Western Working Class. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan.
64.
Mann, M. (1986) The Sources of Social Power, Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
65.
Mannheim, K. (1936) Ideology and Utopia. New York: Harcourt.
66.
Marcuse, H. (1955) Eros and Civilization. Boston, MA: Beacon (1966).
67.
Markus, G. (1994) “A Society of Culture: The Constitution of Modernity”, in G. Robinson and J. Rundell (eds) Rethinking Imagination, pp. 15-29. London: Routledge.
68.
Marx, K. (1844) Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Werke, Ergänzungsband, Ersterteil. Berlin: Dietz (1958).
69.
Marx, K. (1845) “Thesen über Feuerbach”, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Werke, Vol. 3, pp. 5-7. Berlin: Dietz (1958).
70.
Marx, K. (1852) Die 18te Brumaire des Louis Napoleon, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Werke, Vol. 8. Berlin: Dietz (1960).
71.
Marx, K. (1867) Das Kapital, Vol. 1, Mega II-5. Berlin: Dietz (1987).
72.
Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1845) Die Deutsche Ideologie, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Werke, Vol. 3. Berlin: Dietz (1958).
73.
Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1848) Manifest der kommunistischen Partei, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Werke, Vol. 4. Berlin: Dietz (1959).
74.
Mauss, M. (1936) “Les Techniques du corps”, in Sociologie et anthropologie, pp. 373-386. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (1950).
75.
Mead, G.H. (1927) Mind, Self and Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press (1962).
76.
Morse, R. (1982) El espejó de Próspero. México: Siglo XXI.
77.
Ortiz, R. (1985) Cultura brasileira e identidade nacional. São Paulo: Brasiliense.
78.
Parsons, T. (1951) The Social System. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (1979).
79.
Parsons, T. (1952) “The Superego and the Theory of Social Systems”, in T. Parsons, E. Shils and R. Bales, Working Papers in the Theory of Action, pp. 13-29. Glencoe, IL: Free Press (1953).
80.
Parsons, T. (1963) “On the Concept of Political Power”, in Sociological Theory and Modern Society, pp. 297-354. New York: Free Press (1967).
81.
Parsons, T. (1964) “Some Reflections on the Place of Force in Social Process”, in Sociological Theory and Modern Society, pp. 264-296. New York: Free Press (1967).
82.
Piaget, J. (1950) Introduction à l'épistémologie génétique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
83.
Rouanet, S. P. (1985) A razão cativa. São Paulo: Brasiliense.
84.
Rundell, J. (1994) “Creativity and Judgement: Kant on Reason and Imagination”, in G. Robinson and J. Rundell (eds) Rethinking Imagination, pp. 87-117. London: Routledge (1994).
85.
Santos, M. (1993) “O pesadelo da amnésia coletiva”, Revista brasileira de ciências sociais23: 70-84.
86.
Schutz, A. (1932) The Phenomenology of the Social World. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press (1967).
87.
Schutz, A. (1953) “Common-Sense and Scientific Interpretation of Thought Objects”, in Collected Papers, Vol. 1, pp. 1-35. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff (1962).
88.
Shils, E. (1981) Tradition. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
89.
Simon, H. (1982) Models of Bounded Rationality, Vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
90.
Todorov, T. (1977) Theories du symbole. Paris: Seuil.
91.
Wagner, P. (1994) A Sociology of Modernity. London: Routledge.
92.
Wagner, P. (1995) “Sociology and Contingency: Historicizing Epistemology”, Social Science Information34(2): 179-204.
93.
Weber, M. (1921-2) Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) (1980).
94.
Winnicott, D.W. (1971) Playing and Reality. London: Tavistock.
95.
Wittgenstein, L. (1945) Philosophische Untersuchungen. Oxford: Basil Blackwell (1953).
