Free accessResearch articleFirst published online 2009-1
Vaccination with Trichinella Spirallis Antigens Increases CD8+ Peripheral T Cells and Enhances the TH2 Immune Response in Leishmania Infantum Challenged MICE
In this study we investigate the effect of Trichinella spiralis vaccination on immune responses elicited in BALB/c mice challenged subcutaneously with 0.5 ×106 of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Secretion of specific anti-L. infantum antibodies and changes in the number of CD4+, CD8+ T cell and CD19+ B cells in the peripheral blood were tested for the evaluation of immune responses. Immunization with low amounts of T. spiralis antigens induced depression in anti-Leishmania specific antibodies of the IgG1 isotype, while no changes in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations or CD19+ B cells were observed. In contrast, high amounts of T. spiralis antigens induced an enhancement in anti-Leishmania specific antibodies of total IgG and IgGl isotype, increase of CD8+ T cell number and activation of CD19+ B cells, indicated by the co-expression of CD69 marker. Our results suggest that immunization with a certain dose of T. spiralis antigens in experimentally challenged mice with L. infantum leads to an increase of peripheral CD8+ T cells which are responsible for the control of L. infantum infection, although a simultaneous enhancement in Th2-type of immune response is also observed.
ColasantiMGradoniLMattuMPersichiniTSalvatiLVenturiniGAscenziP. Molecular bases for the anti-parasitic effect of NO. Int J Mol Med2002; 9:131–4.
2.
LiewFYO'DonnellCA. Immunology of leishmaniasis. Adv Parasitol1993; 32:161–259.
3.
LiewFYO'DonnellCA. T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells: A historical perspective. Nat Rev Immunol2002; 2:55–60.
4.
MelbyPCTabaresARestrepoBICardonaAEMcGuffHSTealeJM. Leishmania donovani: Evolution and architecture of the splenic cellular immune response related to control of infection. Exp Parasitol2001; 99:17–25.
5.
MarquesCSRolãoNCenteno-LimaSLousadaHMaiaCCampinoLdo RosárioVESilveiraH. Studies in a co-infection murine model of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi and Leishmania infantum: Interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 mRNA expression. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2005; 100:889–92.
6.
HaralabidisSDaoudakiMFrydasS. T cell subpopulations and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a and specific immunoglobulin levels in murine trichinellosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol1993; 6:149–157.
7.
van RietEHartgersFCYazdanbakhshM. Chronic helminth infections induce immunomodulation: Consequences and mechanisms. Immunobiology2007; 212:475–90.
8.
DiakouA. Optimization of RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR) and application to the study of Greek Leishmania isolates from dogs. Doctoral Thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine2000.
9.
HaralabidisSKaragouniEFrydasSDotsikaE. Immunoglobulin and cytokine profile in murine secondary hydatidosis. Parasite Immunol1995; 17:625–630.
10.
RobinsonPJ. Phenotypic analysis. In Handbook of Flow Cytometry methods. Ed. Wiley-Liss, Inc.New York, 1993; p 63–72.
11.
ThomsonSCBowenKMBurtonRC. An assessment of flow cytometric lymphocyte subset monitoring in peripheral blood of rats as a method of detecting recipient recognition or rejection of murine endocrine xenografts. Transplantation1988; 45:489–493.
Dea-AyuelaMARama-IñiguezSBolas-FernándezF. Contrasting effects of Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris muris antigens on the infection by Leishmania infantum in BALB/c mice. Acta Trop2007; 103:212–21.
14.
MenonJNBretscherPA. Parasite dose determines the Th1/Th2 nature of the response to Leishmania major independently of infection route and strain of host or parasite. Eur J Immunol1998; 28:4020–8.
15.
RousseauDLe FichouxYStienXSuffiaIFerruaBKubarJ. Progression of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in BALB/c mice is markedly slowed by prior infection with Trichinella spiralis. Infection and Immunity1997; 65:4978–4983.
16.
RosaRMarquesCRodriguesORSantos-GomesGM. Immunization with Leishmania infantum released proteins confers partial protection against parasite infection with a predominant Th1 specific immune response. Vaccine2007; 25:4525–32.
17.
HillJOAwwadMNorthRJ. Elimination of CD4+ suppressor T cells from susceptible BALB/c mice releases CD8+T lymphocytes to mediate protective immunity against Leishmania. J Exp Med1989; 169:1819–27.
18.
MüllerIPedrazziniTKropfPLouisJMilonG. Establishment of resistance to Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice requires parasite-specific CD8+ T cells. Int Immunol1991; 3:587–97.
19.
LauzuricaPSanchoDTorresMAlbellaBMarazuelaMMerinoTBuerenJAMartínez-ACSánchez-MadridF. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of hematopoietic cell lineages in CD69-deficient mice. Blood2000; 95:2312–20.
