All imaging techniques provide a valid back-up during diagnosis. The accuracy of CT and MRI in staging and follow-up is considered and their relative incapacity in differentiating between superficial and deep muscular invasion of the bladder and between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy. Encouraging results have been obtained by applying the PET to lymph node staging.
FellowsG.J.: The association between vesical carcinoma and diverticulum of the bladder. Europ. Urol., 4: 185–6, 1978.
2.
KratzH.W.: Perivescikale Varikose und M. Ormonal. Fortschr. Roentgenstr., 138: 477–81, 1983.
3.
LangE.K.: The roentgenographic: assessment of bladder tumours: a comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of roentgenographic techniques. Cancer, 23: 717–19, 1969.
4.
EngelmannU.ScildH.KloseK.SchwedenF.JacobiG.H.: Die Treffensichereit der Computertomographie beim Herablasen Karzinom. Urologe A, 23: 161–6, 1984.
5.
KossJ.C.ArgerP.H.ColemanB.G.MulhernC.B.PollackH.M.: CT staging of bladder carcinoma. Am. J. Roentgenal., 137: 359–62, 1981.
6.
VockP.HaertelM.FuchsW.A.KarrerP.BischopM.C.ZinggE.J.: CT in staging of carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Brit. J. Urol., 54: 158–63, 1982.
7.
HusbandJ.OliffJ.WilliamsM.P.HeronC.W.CherrymanG.R.: Bladder cancer: staging with CT and MRI imaging. Radiology, 173: 435–38, 1989.
8.
BryonP.J.ButlerH.E.LipumaJ.P.ResnickM.I.KurshE.D.: CT and MR imaging in staging bladder neoplasms. J.C.A.T., 11: 96–101, 1987.
LeeJ.K.T.HeikenP.LingD.RhollK.S.: MR imaging of abdominal and pelvic lymphadenopathy. Radiology, 153: 181–88, 1984.
11.
HusbandJ.: CT and MRI in the evaluation of bladder cancer. J. Beige Radiol., 78: 350–55, 1995.
12.
MaeedaH.KinakawaT.HattoriP.TojookaN.FurulcauaT.KuharaH.: Detection of muscle layer invasion with submillimeter pixel and MR images. M.R.I., 13: 9–19, 1995.
13.
BarentszJ.O.JagerG.MuglerJ.P.OosterhofG.PatersH.Van ErmingJ.O.RuijsS.H.J.: Staging urinary bladder cancer value of T1W 3D magnetisation preparated GE and two dimensional SE sequences. AJR, 164: 109–115, 1995.
14.
BachorR.KocherF.GropengiesserF.ReskeS.N.HautmannR.E.: PET: introduction of a new procedure in diagnosis of urologic tumours and initial clinical results. Urologe A, 43(2): 138–42, 1955.
15.
AhlstromH.MalmstromP.V.LetochaH.AndersonJ.LangstromB.NilssonS.: PET in the diagnosis and staging of urinary bladder cancer. Acta Radiol., 37: 180–85, 1996.
