Surgical techniques for the reconstruction of the penis are reported. Problems and difficulties still exist such as reconstruction of the neo-urethra and the possible occurrence of fistulas and/or stenosis; restoration of tactile and erogenous sensitivity; cosmetic and functional results; rejection of the functional endoprosthesis. Pros and cons connected with different techniques for the reconstruction of the penis, such as cutaneous, myocutaneous and free neurovascular flaps are examined. The use of skin-expanders for clitoris expansion gender transforming operations is considered and the results analysed.
Qing-LianHe: One stage penis reconstruction with the abdominal fasciocutaneous flap based on the double arteries. Chin. Med. Journ., 100: 255, Apr. 1987.
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