BennettW.H.: Varicocele, particularly with reference to its radical cure. Lancet, I; 261 (1889).
2.
MacomberD., SandersM.B.: The spermatozoa count; its value in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of sterility. N. Engl. J. Med., 200; 981 (1929).
3.
TullochW.S.: A consideration of sterility factors in the light of subsequent pregnancies: subfertility in the male. Edimburgh Med. J., 59; 29 (1952).
4.
NarayanP., AmplatzK., GonzalezR.: Varicocele and male subfertility. Fertil. Steril., 36; 92 (1981).
5.
CoolsaetB.L.R.A.: The varicocele syndrome: venography determining the optimal level for surgical management. J. Urol., 124; 833 (1980).
6.
SaypolD.C.: Varicocele. J. Androl., 2; 61 (1981).
7.
LanaiaC., MicaleA., TurrisiA., MorganaR., VerouxP.F., NicotraP.: Risultati di uno screening sull'incidenza del varicocele in giovani studenti. Comunicaz. XXVII Congr. Soc. Sic. Chir., Vulcano, 3-5 ottobre 1986.
8.
LipshultzL.I., CorriereJ.N.: Progressive testicular atrophy in the varicocele patient. J. Urol., 117; 175 (1977).
9.
UehlingD.T.: Fertility in men with varicocele. Intern. J. Fertil., 13; 58 (1968).
10.
PontonnierF., NavratilH.: L'infertilité masculine. J. d'Urol., 90; 267 (1984).
11.
OsterJ.: Varicocele in children and adolescents: an investigation of the incidence among Danish school children. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol., 5; 27 (1971).
12.
SteenoO., KnopsJ., DeclerckL.: Prevention of fertility disorders by detection and treatment of varicocele at school and college age. Andrologia, 8; 47 (1976).
13.
RusselJ.K.: Varicocele in groups of fertile and subfertile males. Brit. Med. J., I; 1231 (1954).
14.
StewartB.: Varicocele in infertility: incidence and results of surgical therapy. J. Urol., 112; 222 (1974).
15.
LomeL.G., RossL.: Varicocelectomy and infertiliy. Urology, 9; 416 (1977).
16.
DubinL., AmelarR.D.: Etiologic factors in 1294 consecutive cases of male infertility. Fertil. Steril., 22; 469 (1971).
17.
ShafikA., BedeirG.A.M.: Venous tension patterns in cord veins. I. In normal and varicocele individuals. J. Urol., 123; 383 (1980).
18.
AhlbergN.E., BartleyO., ChidekelN.: Retrograde contrast filling of the left gonadal vein: a roentgenologic and anatomical study. Acta Radiol. Diagn., 3; 385 (1965).
ZerhouniE.A., SiegelmanS.S., WalshP.C., WhiteR.I.: Elevated pressure in the left renal vein in patients with varicocele: preliminary observations. J. Urol., 123; 512 (1980).
21.
BeinartC., SnidermanK.W., TamuraS., Darracott VaughanE., SosT.A.Jr.: Left renal vein to inferior vena cava pressure relationship in humans. J. Urol., 127; 1070 (1982).
22.
MaliW.P.T.M., OeiH.Y., ArndtJ.W., KremerJ., CoolsaetB.L.R.A., SchuurK.: Hemodynamics of the varicocele. Part I. Correlation among the clinical phlebographic and scintigraphic findings. J. Urol., 135; 483 (1986).
23.
MaliW.P.T.M., OeiH.Y., ArndtJ.W., KremerJ., CoolsaetB.L.R.A., SchuurK.: Hemodynamics of the varicocele. Part II. Correlation among the results of renocaval pressure measurements, varicocele scintigraphy and phlebography. J. Urol., 135; 489 (1986).
24.
ElSadrA.R., MinaE.: Anatomical and surgical aspects in operative management of varicocele. Urol. & Cutan. Rev., 54; 257 (1950).
25.
HillJ.T., HirshA.V., PryorJ.P., KellettM.J.: Changes in the appearance of venography after ligation of a varicocele. J. Anat., 135; 47 (1982).
26.
GreenbergS.M.: Varicocele and male fertility. Fertil. Steril., 28; 699 (1977).
27.
GreenbergS.M., LipshultzL.I., WeinA.J.: Experience with 425 subfertile male patients. J. Urol., 119; 507 (1978).
28.
CockettA.T.K., UrryR.L., DoughertyK.A.: The varicocele and semen characteristics. J. Urol., 121; 435 (1979).
29.
Rodriguez-RigauL.J., SmithK.D., SteinbergerE.: Varicocele and the morphology of spermatozoa. Fertil. Steril., 35; 54 (1981).
30.
MacLeodJ.: Seminal cytology in the presence of varicocele. Fertil. Steril., 16; 735 (1965).
31.
DubinL., HotchkissR.S.: Testis biopsy in subfertile men with varicocele. Fertil. Steril., 20; 50 (1969).
32.
IbrahimA.A., AwadH.A., El-HaggarS., MitawiB.A.: Bilateral testicular biopsy in men with varicocele. Fertil. Steril., 28; 663 (1977).
33.
McFaddenM.R., MehanD.J.: Testicular biopsies in 101 cases of varicocele. J. Urol., 119; 372 (1978).
34.
GlezermanM., RakowszczykM., LunenfeldB., BeerR., GoldmanB.: Varicocele in Oligospermie patients: pathophysiology and results after ligation and division of the internal spermatic vein. J. Urol., 115; 562 (1976).
35.
DubinL., AmelarR.D.: Varicocelectomy: 986 cases in a twelve-year study. Urology, 10; 446 (1977).
36.
Rodriguez-RigauL.J., SmithK.D., SteinbergerE.: Relationship of varicocele to sperm output and fertility of male partners in infertile couples. J. Urol., 120; 691 (1978).
37.
CockettA.T.K., TakiharaM., CosentinoM.J.: The varicocele. Fertil. Steril., 41; 5 (1984).
LindholmerC., ThulinL., EliassonR.: Concentrations of cortisol and renin in the internal spermatic vein of men with varicocele. Andrologia, 5; 21 (1973).
TerquemA., DadouneJ.P.: Morphological findings in varicocele: an ultrastructural study of 30 bilateral testicular biopsies. Intern. J. Androl, 41; 515 (1981).
42.
HofmannN., HilscherB., PassiaD., HilscherW., HaiderS.G.: Histological, morphometrical, and enzyme histochemical studies on varicocele orchiopathy. In: Varicocele and Male Infertility. Edited by JechtE.W., and ZeitlerE. (edrs), sect. II, p. 27, Springer Verlag, New York1982.
43.
ComhaireF., SimonsM., KunnenM., VermeulenL.: Testicular arterial perfusion in varicocele: the role of rapid sequence scintigraphy with technetium in varicocele evaluation. J. Urol., 130; 923 (1983).
DonohueR.E., BrownJ.S.: Blood gases and pH determinations in the internal spermatic veins of subfertile men with varicocele. Fertil Steril., 20; 365 (1969).
46.
NettoN.R.Jr., LemosG.C., De GoesG.M.: Varicocele: relation between anoxia and hypospermatogenesis. Intern. J. Fertil, 22; 174 (1977).
47.
ShafikA.I. in: JohnsonA.D.: The Testis, Academic Press, vol. 4, p. 481–489, New York 1977.
48.
ZorgniottiA.W.: Elevated intrascrotal temperature. I: A hypotesis for poor semen in infertile man. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med., 58; 535–540 (1982).
49.
MacLeodJ., HotchkissR.S.: The effect of hyperpyrexia upon spermatozoa counts in men. Endocrinology, 28; 780 (1941).
50.
VerstoppenG.R., SteenoO.P.: Varicocele and the pathogenesis of the associated subfertility. A review of various theories. III: Theories concerning the deleterious effects of varicocele on fertility. Andrologia, 10; 85–102 (1978)
51.
LazarusB.A., ZorgniottiA.W.: Thermoregulation of the human testis. Fertil. Steril., 26; 757–759 (1975).
52.
HanleyH.G., HarrisonR.G.: The nature and surgical treatment of varicocele. Brit. J. Surg., 50; 64 (1962).
53.
ZorgniottiA.W., MacLeodJ.: Studies in temperature, human semen quality, and varicocele. Fertil. Steril., 24; 854 (1973).
54.
GreenK.F., TurnerT.T., HowardsS.S.: Varicocele: Reversal of the testicular blood flow and temperature effects by varicocele repair. J. Urol., 131; 1208 (1984).