Europe and the Christian Democracy Movement: A Once and Future Hope?

At http://www.buchanan.org/pa-92-0817rnc.html (7/11/2005).

Kuyper Abraham “Uniformity: The Curse of Modern Life,” in James D. Bratt, ed., Abraham Kuyper: A Centennial Reader (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1998); 24.

Kuyper Abraham “Maranatha,” in Bratt, Abraham Kuyper, pp. 210–11. Also: Maria Mitchell. “Materialism and Secularism: CDU Politicians and National Socialism, 1945-1949,” Journal of Modern History 67 (June 1995): 286.

Mitchell “Materialism and Secularism,” p. 290, fn.45.

Mitchell , pp. 290–21, fn.46.

In: Einaudi Mario , and Goguel Francois , Christian Democracy in Italy and France (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1952): 81–82.

Dierickx Guido “Christian Democracy and Its Ideological Rivals: An Empirical Comparison in the Low Countries,” in Hauley David , ed., Christian Democracy in Europe: A Comparative Perspective (London & New York: Pinter Publishers, 1994): 24.

Dierickx “Christian Democracy and Its Ideological Rivals,” p. 24.

See: Sherratt Timothy , “Christian and Democrat? The Trans-Political Character of Christian Democracy,” The Catholic Social Science Review 9 (2004): 57.

Noted in the entry, “Christian Democracy,” found in Catholic Encyclopedia, at: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04708a.htm 6/24/2005), p. 2.

“Wilhelm Emmanuel, Baron von Ketteler,” at: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08629c.htm (7/11/2005): 1-5.

Pope Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum; in Two Basic Social Encyclicals (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1943): 5–11, 15, 55-59.

XIII Leo Graves De Communi Re (18 January 1901); at: http://www.ewtn.eom/library/encyc/113grcom.htm (6/24/2005): 2.

Kuyper “Maranatha,” p. 212.

Kuyper “Uniformity,” p. 32.

Kuyper “Uniformity,” p. 32.

Kuyper “Maranatha,” p. 222.

Kuyper , pp. 218–219.

See: Einaudi , and Goguel Christian Democracy in Italy and France, pp. 81–82; and R.E.M. Irving, The Christian Democratic Parties of Western Europe (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979): 30-31.

Irving R.E.M. Christian Democracy in France (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1973): 53–54, 58.

Irving The Christian Democratic Parties of Europe, p. 31; and Einaudi and Goguel, Christian Democracy in Italy and France, pp. 30-31.

Cary Noel D. The Path to Christian Democracy: German Catholics and the Party System from Windhorst to Adenauer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996): 180; and Einaudi and Goguel, Christian Democracy in France and Italy, pp. 28-30, 84.

Quoted in Irving, Christian Democracy in France, p. 55.

Christian Democracy in France, p. 60.

Christian Democracy in France, pp. 61–62.

See: Lamberts Emiel ed., Christian Democracy in the European Union, 1945/1995 (Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1997); 440.

For a special focus on the German story, see: Cary, The Path to Christian Democracy.

The movement also sprang up in Latin America with Christian Democracy particularly strong in Chile. In 1964, Eduardo Frei came to power there with a solid Christian Democratic majority and launched an ambitious program of economic and social reform focused on family and small property.

On their respective roles, see: Allan Carlson, “The Family is the Natural… Unit of Society: Evidence From the Social Sciences.” Paper presented to the European Regional Dialogue for The Doha International Conference for the Family, Geneva, Switzerland, August 23-25, 2004.

Lamberts Christian Democracy in the European Union, p. 142.

See: Cassin Rene “Historique de la Declaration Universelle de 1948,” in La Pensée et Action (Paris: F. Lalou, 1972): 108, 115.

Lamberts Christian Democracy in the European Union, pp. 143–144.

Although occurring later, the Italian Christian Democratic Party – beset by scandals and in-fighting – disbanded in 1994.

See: Inglehart Ronald The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977); 216; and Ron Lesthaeghe, “A Century of Demographic and Cultural Change in Western Europe,” Population and Development Review 9 (Sept. 1983): 29.

Lamberts Christian Democracy in the European Union, p. 445.

Sec: Karatnycky Adrian “Christian Democracy Resurgent: Raising the Banner of Faith in Eastern Europe,” Foreign Affairs 77 (Jan/Feb 1998): 13–18.