The adoption of supine position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the routine use of echography during the procedure allow for a reduction of surgical time, radiological exposure of patient and surgeons, and of anaesthesiological risks; moreover, it permits a combined anterograde-retrograde approach to the kidney in case of very complex lithiasis.
The urologist's knowledge and experience of echography devices allows for a high lowering of the learning curve time.
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