Using the galactosamine induced hepatic coma rat model, we studied the effects of coated charcoal hemoperfusion on amino acids in plasma and CSF in grade III hepatic coma. We found that 1 hour of hemoperfusion significantly reduced AAAs and BCAAs in plasma and increased the molar ratio of BCAA:AAA. When rats in grade III coma were treated with 2 consecutive 1-hour hemoperfusions, the substantial reduction of plasma AAAs resulted in a significant decrease of AAA levels in CSF.
ChangT.M.S.: Hemoperfusion over microcapsulated adsorbent in a patient with hepatic coma.Lancet,2, 1371, 1972.
2.
OdakaM., TabataY., KobayashiH., NomuraY., SomaH., RirasawaH., SatoH.: Clinical experience of bead-shaped charcoal hemoperfusion in chronic renal failure and fulminant hepatic failure. In: Artificial Kidney, Artificial Liver, and Artificial Cells (ChangT.M.S., ed.) New York: Plenum Press, 79–88, 1978.
3.
SilkD.B., WilliamsR.: Experience in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure by conservative therapy charcoal hemoperfusion, and polyacrylonitrile hemodialysis.Int. J. Artif. Organs,1, 29, 1978.
4.
GazzardB.G., WestonM.J., Murray-LyonI.M., FlaxH., RecordC.O., PortmanB., LangleyP.G., DunlopE.H., MellonP.J., WardM.D., WilliamS.R.: Charcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure.Lancet,1, 1301, 1974.
5.
GelfandM.C., WinchesterJ.F., KnepshieldJ.H., CohanS.L., SchreinerG.E.: Reversal of hepatic coma by coated charcoal hemoperfusion: Clinical and biochemical observations.Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs,1, 37, 1978.
6.
AmanoI., KanoH., TakashiraH., YamamotoY., ItohK., IwatsukiS., MaedaK., OhtaK.: Hepatic assist system using bead-type charcoal. In: Artificial Kidney, Artificial Liver, and Artificial Cells (ChangT.M.S., ed.) New York: Plenum Press. 89, 1978.
7.
AbounaG.M., BarabasA.Z., BoydN., ToddJ.K., AlexanderF., KinniburghD.W., GilchristT., JonssonE.: Resin and charcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of hepatic coma. In: Artificial Organs (KenediT.M., CourtneyJ.M., GaylorJ.D.S., GilchristT., eds.) London: MacMillan Press, 363, 1977.
8.
ChangT.M.S., MichelsenM.: Characterization of possible «toxic» metabolites in uremia and hepatic coma based on the clearance spectrum for larger molecules by the ACAC microcapsule artificial kidney.Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs,19, 314, 1973.
9.
GelfandM.C., WinchesterJ.F., KnepshieldJ.H., CohanS.L., SchreinerG.E.: Biochemical correlates of reversal of hepatic coma with coated charcoal hemoperfusion.Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs,24, 239, 1978.
10.
ChangT.M.S., ListerC.: Analysis of toxinis in hepatic coma including the removal of mercaptan by albumin-collodion charcoal.Int. J. Artif. Organs,3, 108–112, 1980.
11.
KaziukaE.N., ChangT.M.S.: In-vitro assessment of the removal of phenols by ACAC hemoperfusion.Int. J. Artif. Organs,2/4, 215–221, 1979.
12.
ChangT.M.S., ListerC.: Middle molecules in hepatic coma and uremia. Artif.Organs,4(supp.), 169–172, 1981.
13.
ShiZ.Q., ChangT.M.S.: Effects of hemoperfusion on blood and brain levels of tyrosine and middle molecules.Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs,28, 205–209, 1982.
14.
LeberH.W., KlansmanJ., BoubeaudG., SchutterleG.: Middle molecules in the serum of patients and rats with liver failure: influence of sorbent hemoperfusion. In: Artificial Liver Support (BrunnerG., SchmidtF.W., eds.) Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 96–103, 1981.
FischerJ.E.: The role of plasma amino acids in hepatic failure.Surgery,78, 276, 1975.
17.
FischerJ.E., YoshimuraN., AguirreA., JamesJ.H., CummingsM.G., AbelR.M., DeindoerferF.: Plasma amino acids in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: Effects of amino acid infusions.Am. J. Surg.,127, 40–47, 1974.
18.
FischerJ.E., RosenH.M., EbeidA.M., JamesJ.H., KeaneJ.M., SoetersP.B.: The effects of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man.Surgery,80, 77, 1976.
19.
Rossi-FanelliF., FreundH., KrauseR., SmithA.R., JamesH., Gastorina-ZiparoS., FischerJ.E.: Induction of coma in normal dogs by the infusion of aromatic amino acids and its prevention by the addition of branched chain amino acids.Gastroenterology,83, 664–671, 1982.
20.
ShiZ.Q., ChangT.M.S.: In vitro adsorption spectrum of plasma amino acids by coated charcoal hemoperfusion. Intern. J. Artif.Organs,6(5), 267–270, 1983.
21.
ShiZ.Q., ChangT.M.S.: Amino acid disturbances in experimental hepatic coma rats.Intern. J. Artif. Organs, (1984) (in press).
22.
ChiritoE., ReiterB., ListerC., ChangT.M.S.: Artificial liver: the effect of ACAC microencepsulated csarcoal hemoperfusion on fulminant hepatic failure. Artif.Organs,1(1), 76–83, 1977.
23.
TabataY., ChangT.M.S.: Comparison of six artificial liver support regimes in fulminant hepatic coma rats.Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs,26, 384, 1980.
24.
ChangT.M.S.: Microcapsule artificial kidney: including updated preparative procedures and properties.Kidney Int., 10, S218–224, 1976.
25.
HillD.W., WaltersF.H., WilsonT.D., StuartJ.D.: High performance liquid csromatographic determination of amino acids in the pico-mole range.Analytical Chemistry,51(8), 1338–1341, 1979.
26.
FischerJ.E.: On the occurance of false neurochemical transmitters.In: Artificial Liver Support (WilliamsR., Murray-LyonI.M., eds.) Kent: Pitman Medical,5, 31, 1974.
27.
OldendorfW.H., SzaboJ.: Amino acid assignment to one of three blood brain barrier amino acid carriers. Am. J.Physiol.,230(1), 94, 1976.
28.
OldendorfW.H.: Stereospecificity of blood brain barrier permeability to amino acids.Am. J. Physiol.,224, 967, 1973.
29.
ZieveL., OlsenR.L.: Can hepatic coma be caused by a reduction of brain noradrenaline or dopamine?Gut, 18, 688, 1977.
30.
HörtnaglH., LochsH., KleinbergerG., HaeklJ.M., MemmerleA.F., BinderH., HewalkaF.: Plasma catecholamines in hepatic coma and liver cirrhosis: Role of octopamine.Klin. Wochenschrift,59, 1159, 1981.
31.
SourkesT.L.: Tryptophan in hepatic coma.J. Neural Transmission, Supp.14, 79, 1978.
