An investigation has been made of the suitability of a rat hemoperfusion system for the evaluation of hematological changes induced by charcoal hemoperfusion. The investigation studied the influence on erythrocyte, leucocyte and thrombocyte levels of repeated hemoperfusion over Norit RBX1 charcoal, hemoperfusion over polymer-coated Norit RBX1 and hemoperfusion over uncoated spherical charcoal. Controls included animals subjected to hemoperfusion through empty columns and animals cannulated only. The results indicate that changes in erythrocyte and leucocyte levels are due principally to passage of blood through the extracorporeal circuit rather than contact with the adsorbent but that changes in thrombocyte levels are dependent on the type of charcoal and the nature and extent of polymer coating. The investigation suggests that the rat hemoperfusion system is a suitable procedure for the assessment of the compatibility of adsorbents to be used in hemoperfusion.
RockelA., SchmidG., RuppP., KultJ., HennemannH., HeidlandA.: Hemoperfusion mit Aktivkohle and lonenaustauscher fur phalloidin-Vergifteten Ratten.Dtsch. med. Wschr., 101, 418, 1976.
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RockelA., SchmidG., HeidlandA.: Tierexperimentelle Befunde bei Hamoperfusion mit Aktivkohle und Amberlite XAD-4. In: Entiftung mit Hamoperfusion, Ed. DemlingL., BartelsO., Carl Bindernagel, Friedberg/Hessen, p< 85, 1977.
7.
HillJ.B., PalaiaF.L., McAdamsJ.L., PalmerP.J., MaretS.M.: Efficacy of activated charcoal hemoperfusion in removing lethal dose of barbiturates and salicylate from the blood of rats and dogs.Clin. Chem., 22, 754, 1976.
8.
NasielskiP., ChangT.M.S.: Coated charcoal hemoperfusion for the removal of galactose in rats.Int. J. Artif. Organs, 1, 143, 1978.
9.
GaurdonP., OkonekS.: Miniature hemoperfusion system for detoxification studies in rats. In: Hemoperfusion: Kidney and Liver Support and Detoxification, Ed. SidemanS., ChangT.M.S., Hemisphere, Washington, p. 327, 1980.
10.
ChiritoE., ReiterB., ListerC., ChangT.M.S.: Assessment of two rat models of fulminant hepatic failure for testing artificial liver devices. In: Artificial Kidney, Artificial Liver, and Artificial Cells, Ed. ChangT.M.S., Plenum Press, New York, p. 239, 1978.
11.
ChangT.M.S., ListerC., ChiritoE., O'KeeffeP., ResurreccionE.: Effects of hemoperfusion rate and time of initiation of ACAC charcoal hemoperfusion on the survival of fulminant hepatic failure rats.Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs, 24, 243, 1978.
12.
ChiritoE., ListerC., ChangT.M.S.: Biochemical, hematological and histological changes in a fulminant hepatic failure rat model for liver assessment.Artificial Organs, 3, 42, 1979.
13.
LustenbergerN., NeumannK.H., MullerH.J., EhrichJ.H.H., StolteH.: In vitro characterization of a plasma exchange membrane and in vivo application in rat immune complex glomerulopathy. In: Plasma Exchange: Plasmapheresis - Plasmaseparation, Ed. SieberthH.G., SchattauerF.K.Verlag, Stuttgart, p. 225, 1980.
14.
RyanC.J., CourtneyJ.M., WoodC.B., HoodR.G., BlumgartL.H.: Activated charcoal hemoperfusion via an extracorporeal circuit in the unrestrained and unanesthetized rat.Brit. J. Exp. Path., 60, 400, 1979.
15.
RyanC.J., CourtneyJ.M.: Hemoperfusion in the rat: Application to adsorbent evaluation. In: Hemoperfusion: Kidney and Liver Support and Detoxification, Ed. SidemanS., ChangT.M.S.Hemisphere, Washington, p. 27, 1980.
16.
RyanC.J., CourtneyJ.M., WoodC.B., KlinkmannH., BlumgartL.H.: Activated charcoal hemoperfusion in the conscious rat: A study to determine whether hemoperfusion stimulates a hyperplastic response in the liver. In: Control Aspects of Artificial Organs, International Society for Artificial Organs, 1981.
17.
RyanC.J., CourtneyJ.M., KlinkmannH., BlumgartL.H.: Partial hepatectomy and subsequent charcoal hemoperfusion in the conscious rat. In: Artificial Liver Support, Ed. BrunnerG., SchmidtF.W., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 134, 1981.
18.
KlinkmannH., FlakenhagenD., CourtneyJ.M.: Blood purification by hemoperfusion.Int. J. Artif. Organs, 2, 296, 1979.
19.
DentiE., WalkerJ.M.: Activated carbon: Properties, selection, and evaluation. In: Sorbents and Their Clinical Applications, Ed. GiordanoC., Academic Press, New York, p. 101, 1980.
20.
CourtneyJ.M., FairweatherI.A., GilchristT., HoodR.G., ParkG.B., SmithE.M.: The design of a polymer coating for activated carbon. In: Artificial Organs, Ed., KenediR.M., CourtneyJ.M., GaylorJ.D.S., GilchristT., Macmillan Press, London, p. 133, 1977.
21.
GilchristT., JonssonE., MartinA.M., NauclerL., CameronA., CourtneyJ.M.: Development of the Strathclyde hemoperfusion system. In Artificial Liver Support, Ed. WilliamsR., Murray-LyonI.M., Pitman Medical, London, p. 319, 1975.
22.
CourtneyJ.M., GilchristT., HoodR.G., TownsendW.B.: A novel method for preparing coated carbon granules.Proc. Europ. Soc. Artif. Organs.2, 210, 1976.
23.
KolthammerJ.C., WatsonP.A., LangS., FennimoreJ.: The safety assessment in the dog of a charcoal hemoperfusion column.Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., 51, 515, 1976.
24.
RyanC.J.: Pathophysiological consequences of charcoal hemoperfusion in the conscious rat. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1980.
25.
ChangT.M.S.: Protective effects of microencapsulation (coating) on platelet depletion and particulate embolism in the clinical applications of charcoal hemoperfusion. In: Artificial Organs, Ed. KenediR.M., CourtneyJ.M., GaylorJ.D.S., GilchristT., Macmillan Press, London, p. 164, 1977.
26.
AmanoI., KanoH., TakahiraH., YamamotoY., ItohK., IwatsukiS., MaedaK., OhtaK.: Hepatic assist system using bead-type charcoal. In: Artificial Kidney, Artificial Liver, and Artificial Sells, Ed. ChangT.M.S., Plenum Press, New York, p. 89, 1978.
27.
MartinA.M., GibbinsJ.K., OduroA., HerbertT.: Clinical experience with cellulose-coated carbon hemoperfusion. In: Artificial Kidney, Artificial Liver, and Artificial Cells, Ed. ChangT.M.S., Plenum Press, New York, p. 143, 1978.
28.
DuneaG., KolffW.J.: Clinical experience with the Yatzidis charcoal artificial kidney.Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs, 11, 178, 1965.
29.
GazzardB.G., WestonM.J., Murray-LyonI.M., RecordC.O., WilliamsR.: Experience at King's College Hospital with charcoal hemoperfusion - overall results in 37 patients. In: Artificial Liver Support, Ed. WilliamsR., Murray-LyonI.M., Pitman Medical, London, p. 234, 1975.
30.
GelfandM.C., KnepshieldJ.H., CohanS., RamirexB., SchreinerG.E.: Treatment of hepatic coma with hemoperfusion through polyacrylamide hydrogel coated charcoal.Kidney Int., 10, S239, 1976.
31.
AbounaG.M., GilchristT., PettitJ.E., BoydN.D., ToddJ.K., CourtneyJ.M., MainiR.: Hemoperfusion with activated charcoal in treatment of experimental acute hepatic failure. In: Artificial Liver Support, Ed. WilliamsR., 1975.
32.
MainiR., WinchesterJ.F.: Remhoval of paraquat from blood by hemoperfusion over sorbent materials.Brit. Med. J., 3, 281, 1975.
33.
WestonM.J., LangleyP.G., RubinM.H., HanidM.A., MellonP., WilliamsR.: Platelet function in fulminant hepatic failure and effect of charcoal hemoperfusion.Gut18, 897, 1977.
34.
CourtneyJ.M., FalkenhagenD., HoltzM., SchmidtR., KlinkmannH.: Polymer coatings for hemoperfusion over activated carbon.Artificial Organs, 2, 314, 1978.
35.
TijssenJ., BantjesA., Van DoornA.W.J., FeijenJ., Van DijkB., VonkC.R., DijkhuisI.C.: A hemoperfusion column based on activated carbon granules coated with an ultrathin membrane of cellulose acetate.Artificial Organs, 3, 11, 1979.
36.
WinchesterJ.F., MacKayJ.M., ForbesC.D., CourtneyJ.M., GilchristT., PrenticeC.R.M.: Hemostatic changes induced in vitro by hemoperfusion over activated charcoal.Artificial Organs, 2, 293, 1978.
37.
FalkenhagenD., EstherG., AhrenholzP., HoltzM., SchmittE., KlinkmannH.: Blood compatibility and efficiency of different hemoadsorbents.Proc. Europ. Soc. Artif. Organs, 7, 135, 1980.
