Drug-induced renal failure is a frequent complication in the setting of ICU.
Generally spoken pathomechanisms leading to drug-induced renal failure can be
divided into hemodynamic effects, epithelial toxicity or crystalline
nephropathy. The risk of drug-induced renal failure is increased by any form of
hypovolemia (i.e. true hypovolemia or reduced effective circulating volume),
older age, pre-existent renal impairment, and concomitant application of two or
more nephrotoxins. This article reviews drugs most frequently responsible for
renal failure in the ICU and discusses preventive measures. (Int J Artif Organs
2004; 27: 1034-42)
MehtaRLPascualMT, SorokoS, ChertowGM.
Diuretics, mortality, and nonrecovery of renal function in
acute renal failure. JAMA2002; 288:
2547–53.
3.
HooiLS.Acute renal failure requiring dialysis-a 5 year
series. Med J Malaysia1997; 52:
251–6.
4.
JochimsenF, SchaferJH, MaurerA, DistlerA.Impairment of renal function in medical intensive care:
Predictability of acute renal failure. Crit Care
Med1990; 18:
480–5.
5.
KramanS, KhanF, PatelS, SeriffN.Renal failure in the respiratory intensive care
unit. Crit Care Med1979; 7:
263–6.
6.
BrivetFGKleinknechtDJ, LoiratP, LandaisPJ.
Acute renal failure in intensive care units-causes, outcome,
and prognostic factors of hospital mortality; a prospective, multicenter
study. French Study Group on Acute Renal Failure.
Crit Care Med1996;
24:192–8.
7.
SchlondorffD.Renal complications of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
drugs. Kidney Int1993; 44:
643–53.
8.
GambaroG, PerazellaMA.
Adverse renal effects of antiinflammatory agents: Evaluation
of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
J Intern Med2003; 253:
643–52.
9.
LeeA, CooperMC, CraigJC, KnightJF, KeneallyJP.
Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on
post-operative renal function in normal adults.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev2001; CD002765.
10.
DzekaTNTownleyR, ArnoldJM.
Effects of enalaprilat on venoconstriction to norepinephrine:
Role of prostaglandins. Cardiovasc Res2003; 59:
250–6.
11.
PerazellaMATrayK.Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: A pattern of
nephrotoxicity similar to traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs. Am J Med2001;
111:64–7.
12.
RossatJ, MaillardM, NussbergerJ, BrunnerHR, BurnierM.Renal effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in
normotensive salt-depleted subjects. Clin Pharmacol
Ther1999;66:76–84.
NavarLGHarrison-BernardLM, ImigJD, WangCT, CervenkaL, MitchellKD.
Intrarenal angiotensin II generation and renal effects of AT1
receptor blockade. J Am Soc Nephrol1999; 10 (suppl 12):
S266–72.
15.
BennettWM.Mechanisms of acute and chronic nephrotoxicity from
immunosuppressive drugs. Ren Fail1996;
18:453–60.
16.
PowlesRLMorgensternGR, KayHE, McElwainTJ, ClinkHM, DadyPJ, BarrettA, JamesonB, DepledgeMH, WatsonJG, SloaneJ, LeighM, LumleyH, HedleyD, LawlerSD, FilshieJ, RobinsonB.Mismatched family donors for bone-marrow transplantation as
treatment for acute leukaemia. Lancet1983;
1:612–5.
17.
MargreiterR.Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus compared with ciclosporin
microemulsion in renal transplantation: A randomised multicentre
study. Lancet2002; 359:
741–6.
18.
RahnKHBarenbrockM, FritschkaE, HeineckeA, LippertJ, SchroederK, HauserI, WagnerK, NeumayerHH:
Effect of nitrendipine on renal function in renal-transplant
patients treated with cyclosporin: A randomised trial.
Lancet1999; 354:
1415–20.
19.
PalmerBFDawidsonI, SagalowskyA, SandorZ, LuCY.
Improved outcome of cadaveric renal transplantation due to
calcium channel blockers. Transplantation1991; 52:
640–5.
SchlittHJBarkmannA, BokerKH, SchmidtHH,
EmmanouilidisN, RosenauJ, BahrMJ, TuschG, MannsMP, NashanB, KlempnauerJ.Replacement of calcineurin inhibitors with mycophenolate mofetil
in liver-transplant patients with renal dysfunction: A randomised controlled
study. Lancet2001; 357:
587–91.
22.
KreisH, OberbauerR, CampistolJM, MathewT, DalozeP, SchenaFP, BurkeJT, BraultY,
Gioud-PaquetM, ScarolaJA, NeylanJF.
Long-term benefits with sirolimus-based therapy after early
cyclosporine withdrawal. J Am Soc Nephrol2004;
15:809–17.
23.
BertinoJSJr.,
BookerLA, FranckPA, JenkinsPL, FranckKR, NafzigerAN.
Incidence of and significant risk factors for
aminoglycoside-associated nephrotoxicity in patients dosed by using
individualized pharmacokinetic monitoring. J Infect
Dis1993; 167:
173–9.
24.
EisenbergJMKofferH, GlickHA, ConnellML, LossLE, TalbotGH,
ShustermanNH, StromBL. What
is the cost of nephrotoxicity associated with
aminoglycosides?Ann Intern Med1987;
107:900–9.
25.
BaciewiczAMSokosDR, CowanRI.
Aminoglycoside-associated nephrotoxicity in the
elderly. Ann Pharmacother2003; 37:
182–6.
26.
PatersonDLRobsonJM, WagenerMM. Risk
factors for toxicity in elderly patients given aminoglycosides once
daily. J Gen Intern Med1998; 13:
735–9.
27.
RybakMJAbateBJ, KangSL, RuffingMJ, LernerSA, DrusanoGL.
Prospective evaluation of the effect of an aminoglycoside
dosing regimen on rates of observed nephrotoxicity and
ototoxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother1999; 43:
1549–55.
28.
Ferriols-LisartR,
Alos-AlminanaM.Effectiveness and safety of once-daily aminoglycosides: A
meta-analysis. Am J Health Syst Pharm1996; 53:
1141–50.
29.
WingardJRKubilisP, LeeL, YeeG, WhiteM, WalsheL, BowdenR, AnaissieE, HiemenzJ, ListerJ.Clinical significance of nephrotoxicity in patients treated with
amphotericin B for suspected or proven aspergillosis.
Clin Infect Dis1999;
29:1402–7.
30.
FisherMATalbotGH, MaislinG, McKeonBP, TynanKP, StromBL. Risk
factors for amphotericin B-associated nephrotoxicity.
Am J Med1989; 87:
547–52.
31.
BatesDWSuL, YuDT, ChertowGM, SegerDL, GomesDR, PlattR:
Correlates of acute renal failure in patients receiving
parenteral amphotericin B. Kidney Int2001; 60:
1452–9.
32.
FanosV, CataldiL.Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity: A review.
J Chemother2000; 12:
463–70.
33.
HarbarthS, PestotnikSL, LloydJF, BurkeJP, SamoreMH. The
epidemiology of nephrotoxicity associated with conventional amphotericin B
therapy. Am J Med2001; 111:
528–34.
34.
BranchRA.Prevention of amphotericin B-induced renal impairment. A review
on the use of sodium supplementation. Arch Intern
Med1988; 148:
2389–4.
35.
ErikssonU, SeifertB, SchaffnerA.Comparison of effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate infused over
4 or 24 hours: Randomised controlled trial.
BMJ2001; 322:
579–82.
36.
WalshTJFinbergRW, ArndtC, HiemenzJ, SchwartzC,
BodensteinerD, PappasP, SeibelN, GreenbergRN, DummerS, SchusterM, HolcenbergJS.
Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients
with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. N Engl J
Med1999; 340:
764–71.
37.
LalezariJPHollandGN, KramerF, McKinleyGF, KemperCA, IvesDV, NelsonR, HardyWD,
KuppermannBD, NorthfeltDW, YouleM, JohnsonM, LewisRA, WeinbergDV, SimonGL, WolitzRA, RubyAE, StaggRJ, JaffeHS.
Randomized, controlled study of the safety and efficacy of
intravenous cidofovir for the treatment of relapsing cytomegalovirus
retinitis in patients with AIDS. J Acquir Immune
Defic Syndr Hum Retroviral1998; 17:
339–44.
CundyKCBarditch-CrovoP, WalkerRE, CollierAC, EbelingD, TooleJ, JaffeHS.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of adefovir in human
immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother1995; 39:
2401–5.
40.
HoESLinDC, MendelDB, CihlarT.Cytotoxicity of antiviral nucleotides adefovir and cidofovir is
induced by the expression of human renal organic anion transporter
1. J Am Soc Nephrol2000; 11:
383–93.
41.
SafrinS,
CherringtonJ, JaffeHS.Cidofovir. Review of current and potential clinical
uses. Adv Exp Med Biol1999; 458:
111–20.
42.
DerayG, MartinezF, KatlamaC, LevaltierB, BeaufilsH, DanisM, RozenheimM, BaumelouA, DohinE, GentiliniM.Foscarnet nephrotoxicity: Mechanism, incidence and
prevention. Am J Nephrol1989; 9:
316–21.
43.
BeaufilsH, DerayG, KatlamaC, DohinE, HeninD, SazdovitchV, JouanneauC.Foscarnet and crystals in glomerular capillary
lumens. Lancet1990; 336: 755.
44.
CacoubP, DerayG, BaumelouA, Le HoangP, RozenbaumW, GentiliniM, SoubrieC, RousselieR, JacobsC.Acute renal failure induced by foscarnet: 4
cases. Clin Nephrol1988;29:315–8.
45.
DerayG, KatlamaC, DohinE.Prevention of foscarnet nephrotoxicity.
Ann Intern Med1990; 113: 332.
46.
BartonJCHerreraGA, GallaJH, BertoliLF, WorkJ, KoopmanWJ.Acute cryoglobulinemic renal failure after intravenous infusion
of gamma globulin. Am J Med1987;
82:624–9.
47.
CantuTGHoehn-SaricEW, BurgessKM, RacusenL, ScheelPJ.
Acute renal failure associated with immunoglobulin
therapy. Am J Kidney Dis1995; 25:
228–34.
48.
SatiHIAhyaR, WatsonHG.Incidence and associations of acute renal failure complicating
high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Br J
Haematol2001; 113:
556–7.
49.
CaycoAVPerazellaMA, HayslettJP.
Renal insufficiency after intravenous immune globulin
therapy: A report of two cases and an analysis of the
literature. J Am Soc Nephrol1997;8:1788–94.
50.
LegendreC, ThervetE, PageB, PercheronA, NoelLH, KreisH.Hydroxyethylstarch and osmotic-nephrosis-like lesions in kidney
transplantation. Lancet1993; 342:
248–9.
51.
CittanovaMLLeblancI, LegendreC, MouquetC, RiouB, CoriatP.Effect of hydroxyethylstarch in brain-dead kidney donors on renal
function in kidney-transplant recipients.
Lancet1996; 348:
1620–2.
52.
SchortgenF, LacheradeJC, BruneelF, CattaneoI, HemeryF, LemaireF, BrochardL.Effects of hydroxyethylstarch and gelatin on renal function in
severe sepsis: A multicentre randomised study.
Lancet2001; 357:
911–6.
53.
BoldtJ, BrennerT, LehmannA, LangJ, KumleB, WerlingC.Influence of two different volume replacement regimens on renal
function in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery: Comparison of a new
starch preparation with gelatin. Intensive Care
Med2003; 29:
763–9.
54.
BoldtJ, MullerM, MentgesD, PapsdorfM, HempelmannG.Volume therapy in the critically ill: Is there a
difference?Intensive Care Med1998; 24:
28–36.
55.
NeilsonEG.Pathogenesis and therapy of interstitial
nephritis. Kidney Int1989; 35:
1257–70.
56.
KleinknechtD, LandaisP, GoldfarbB.Acute renal failure associated with drugs or iodinated contrast
media. Results of a cooperative multicentric study by the Nephrology
Society. Nephrologie1986; 7:
41–6.
57.
NairS, EasonJ, LossG.Sirolimus monotherapy in nephrotoxicity due to calcineurin
inhibitors in liver transplant recipients. Liver
Transpl2003; 9:
126–9.
58.
PisoniR, RuggenentiP, RemuzziG.Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy: Incidence, prevention
and management. Drug Saf2001; 24:
491–501.
59.
DzikWHGeorgiBA, KhettryU, JenkinsRL.
Cyclosporine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
following liver transplantation-successful treatment with plasma
exchange. Transplantation1987; 44:
570–2.
BrigdenD, RoslingAE, WoodsNC.
Renal function after acyclovir intravenous
injection. Am J Med1982; 73:
182–5.
63.
BeanB, AeppliD.Adverse effects of high-dose intravenous acyclovir in ambulatory
patients with acute herpes zoster. J Infect
Dis1985;
151:362–5.
64.
GnannJWJr.,
BartonNH, WhitleyRJ.
Acyclovir: Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, safety and
clinical applications. Pharmacotherapy1983; 3:
275–83.
65.
KeeneyREKirkLE, BridgenD.Acyclovir tolerance in humans. Am J
Med1982; 73:
176–81.
66.
SawyerMHWebbDE, BalowJE, StrausSE.Acyclovir-induced renal failure. Clinical course and
histology. Am J Med1988; 84:
1067–71.
67.
VomieroG, CarpenterB, RobbI, FillerG.Combination of ceftriaxone and acyclovir - an underestimated
nephrotoxic potential?Pediatr Nephrol2002; 17:
633–7.
68.
KoppJBMillerKD, MicanJA,
FeuersteinIM, VaughanE, BakerC, PannellLK, FalloonJ.Crystalluria and urinary tract abnormalities associated with
indinavir. Ann Intern Med1997;
127:119–25.
69.
BernsJSCohenRM, SilvermanM, TurnerJ.Acute renal failure due to indinavir crystalluria and
nephrolithiasis: Report of two cases. Am J Kidney
Dis1997; 30:
558–60.
70.
SimonDlBrosiusFCIII,
RothsteinDM.Sulfadiazine crystalluria revisited. The treatment of toxoplasma
encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome. Arch Intern Med1990; 150:
2379–84.
71.
de SequeraP, AlbalateM, HernandezJ, VazquezA, AbadJ, RamiroE, FernandezGM, CarameloC, CasadoS, OrtizA.Acute renal failure due to sulphadiazine crystalluria in AIDS
patients. Postgrad Med J1996; 72:
557–8.
72.
CarboneLGBendixenB, AppelGB.Sulfadiazine-associated obstructive nephropathy occurring in a
patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Am J Kidney Dis1988;
12:72–5.
