Laser Technology in Orthopedics: Preliminary Study on Low Power Laser Therapy to Improve the Bone-Biomaterial Interface

Abstract

Low Power Laser (LPL) seems to enhance the healing of bone defects and fractures. The effect of LPL In other orthopedic areas such as osteointegration of implanted prosthetic bone devices is still unclear. In the present study, 12 rabbits were used to evaluate whether Ga-AI-As (780 nm) LPL stimulation has positive effects on osteointegration. Hydroxyapatite (HA) cylindrical nails were drilled into both distal femurs of rabbits. From postoperative day 1 and for 5 consecutive days, the left femura of all rabbits were given LPL treatment (Laser Group-LG) with the following parameters: 300 Joule/cm² 1 Watt, 300 Hertz, pulsating emission, 10 minutes. The right femura were sham-treated (Control Group-CG). At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, histologic and histomorphometric investigations evaluated bone-biomaterial-contact. Histomorphometry showed a higher degree of osteointegration at the HA-bone interface in the LG Group at 4 (p<0.0005) and 8 weeks (p<0.001). These preliminary positive results seem to support the hypothesis that LPL treatment can be considered a good tool to enhance the bone-implant interface in orthopedic surgery.