Delineating the Roots of Democracy in Indian Tradition

Abstract

This article delineates democratic principles within the rich historical and cultural traditions of India. It also examines how ancient and early medieval traditions, social structures and political systems promoted ideas of participation, debate and representation, laying the foundation for democratic practices in modern India. Exploring the roots of representative democracy is often linked to Greek tradition. Some scholars believe that democracy is a purely Western concept, while others argue that it is compatible with other cultures, like India. After independence, when India adopted the Westminster model of parliamentary democracy, some Western scholars criticised it, claiming it was a Western plant trying to grow on unsuitable soil. However, democracy in India has survived and thrived, while many other newly independent countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America failed to do so just after the Second World War. Why has democracy succeeded in India? One answer lies in India’s traditions, which have many democratic elements. Some scholars have argued that India’s democracy is only possible because of Jawaharlal Nehru’s strong belief in liberal democracy. However, India’s tradition tells a different story. This study explores the historical origins of democracy in India and emphasises the enduring nature of democracy as a way of life.