Patellofemoral Instability in Athletes

Abstract

Background

Surgical treatment of patellofemoral instability can successfully diminish episodes of subluxation and dislocation, as well as symptoms of pain and instability.

Hypothesis

Surgical treatment of lateral patellar instability in a strictly athletic population will facilitate return to sports.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods

From 1999 to 2004, 41 Fulkerson osteotomies combined with an arthroscopic lateral release were performed in 34 athletes for patellofemoral instability. Three patients were lost to follow-up. All patients participated in sports at least 3 times per week in at least one sport for 4 months of the year. There were 4 male and 30 female patients; 7 patients underwent bilateral, staged procedures. There were 14 high school, 12 collegiate, and 8 recreational athletes. Results were obtained by an independent examiner.

Results

The mean age was 20.05 years (range, 14–54 years) with a mean follow-up of 46 months (range, 22–71 months). Patients averaged 1.3 dislocations before reconstruction (range, 0–6). The average Lysholm score was 91.8 (range, 67–100) at follow-up. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were A (normal) in 27 knees, B (near normal) in 12, and C (abnormal) in 2. Seventeen patients had symptomatic hardware removed at an average of 8 months. There were 2 complications: one saphenous neuroma that resolved, and one recurrent dislocation in a patient later diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Conclusion

This series is the largest to date documenting the successful treatment of patellofemoral instability in athletes with concomitant Fulkerson osteotomy and arthroscopic lateral release. Forty-nine percent of patients in our series required removal of screws from the osteotomy site.