Recent studies in the history of the European petty bourgeoisie, that is, shop
keepers, master artisans, and other small tradesmen, have shown the close social relations that
existed between the petty bourgeoisie and the working class. Because the two classes occupied the
same geographical space, historians have concluded that they were also socially close. In this
study an examination of the social structure of witnesses appearing at baptisms of urban shop
keepers in four Swedish towns it is possible to see that Swedish shopkeepers mingled within their
own stratum and above themselves, while social relations to other classes hardly existed at all.
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