This paper presents a novel wind farm (WF) configuration featuring three wind turbines (WTs), each equipped with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), an individual rotor-side converter (RSC), and a shared battery energy storage system (BESS). The stators of the WTs are directly connected to the grid, while their rotor circuits are linked to a common grid-side converter (GSC) via a DC link. An auxiliary power converter structure, consisting of a three-phase rectifier and a boost converter, ensures the connection of rotor windings to the grid during GSC faults, thereby maintaining continuous operation. A new power management and supervision strategy has been developed to optimize energy flow and enhance system performance. The proposed approach has been evaluated under various operating conditions, including normal and fault scenarios, using metrics such as system stability, power quality, fault ride-through capability, and operational continuity. Simulation results demonstrate that the strategy enables seamless control transitions, improves reliability, and enhances the resilience of the wind energy conversion system (WECS), ensuring stable operation even during transient events.
AbdouAFAbu-SiadaAPotaHR (2013) Improving the low voltage ride through of doubly fed induction generator during intermittent voltage source converter faults. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy5(4): 043110.
2.
AbdouAFAbu-SiadaAPotaHR (2014) Effect of intermittent voltage source converter faults on the overall performance of wind energy conversion system. International Journal of Sustainable Energy33(3): 606–618.
3.
AbdouAFAbu-SiadaAPotaHR (2015) Impact of VSC faults on dynamic performance and low voltage ride through of DFIG. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems65: 334–347.
4.
AimaniSELFrancoisBRobynsB, et al. (2003) Modelling of generated harmonics from a wind energy conversion system based on a doubly fed induction generator. Electromotion10(4): 629–634.
5.
AlafnanHZhangMYuanW, et al. (2018) Stability improvement of DC power systems in an all-electric ship using hybrid SMES/battery. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity28(3): 5700306.
6.
AmiranteRCassoneEDistasoE, et al. (2017) Overview on recent developments in energy storage: mechanical, electrochemical and hydrogen technologies. Energy Conversion and Management132: 372–387.
7.
AmjithLRBavanishB (2022) A review on biomass and wind as renewable energy for sustainable environment. Chemosphere293: 133579.
8.
AmraneFFrancoisBChaibaA (2022) Experimental investigation of efficient and simple wind-turbine based on DFIG-direct power control using LCL-filter for stand-alone mode. ISA Transactions125: 631–664.
9.
Attig-BaharFRitschelUAkariP, et al. (2021) Wind energy deployment in Tunisia: status, drivers, barriers and research gaps—A comprehensive review. Energy Reports7: 7374–7389.
10.
BeharaRKSahaAK (2025) Optimised neural network model for wind turbine DFIG converter fault diagnosis. Energies18(13): 3409.
11.
Ben HalimaNBen HalimaNKolsiH, et al. (2024) Enhancing energy control for a hybrid system comprising a wind turbine, diesel generator, and storage systems. Wind Engineering48: 589–605.
12.
BouazizFMasmoudiAAbdelkafiA, et al. (2022) Coordinated control of SMES and DVR for improving fault ride-through capability of DFIG-based wind turbine. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research12(1): 359–371.
13.
BouzekriAAllaouiTDenaiM (2017) Intelligent open switch fault detection for power converter in wind energy system. Applied Artificial Intelligence30(9): 886–898.
14.
ChaiXLiSLiangF (2024) A novel battery SOC estimation method based on random search optimized LSTM neural network. Energy306: 132583.
15.
EchihebFIhedraneYBossoufiB, et al. (2022) Robust sliding-backstepping mode control of a wind system based on the DFIG generator. Scientific Reports12(1): 11782.
16.
FuchsFW (2003) Some diagnosis methods for voltage source inverters in variable speed drives with induction machines-a survey. In: IECON'03. 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 1378–1385.
17.
GalloDLandiCLuisoM, et al. (2013) Optimization of experimental model parameter identification for energy storage systems. Energies6: 4572–4590.
18.
HachichaFKrichenL (2012) Rotor power control in doubly fed induction generator wind turbine under grid faults. Energy44(1): 853–861.
19.
HansenADSørensenPIovF, et al. (2006) Centralised power control of wind farm with doubly fed induction generators. Renewable Energy31(7): 935–951.
20.
JenkalHLamnadiMMensouS, et al. (2023) A robust control for a variable wind speed conversion system energy based on a DFIG using backstepping. Wind Engineering47(1): 141–156.
21.
JiWHongFZhaoY, et al. (2024) Applications of flywheel energy storage system on load frequency regulation combined with various power generations: a review. Renewable Energy223: 119975.
22.
KiunkeTGemignaniNMalheiroP, et al. (2022) Key factors influencing onshore wind energy development: a case study from the German north Sea region. Energy Policy165: 112962.
23.
KumarVSSThukaramD (2018) Accurate modeling of doubly fed induction generator based wind farms in load flow analysis. Electric Power Systems Research155: 363–371.
24.
LeeKBChoiUM (2014) Faults and diagnosis systems in power converters. In: Advanced and Intelligent Control in Power Electronics and Drives. Springer, 143–178.
25.
LiCCaoYLiB, et al. (2024a) A novel power control scheme for distributed DFIG based on cooperation of hybrid energy storage system and grid-side converter. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems157: 109801.
26.
LiTLiuXLinZ, et al. (2024b) A linear quadratic regulator with integral action of wind turbine based on aerodynamics forecasting for variable power production. Renewable Energy223: 119605.
27.
LiangJZhangKAl-DurraA, et al. (2020) A novel fault diagnostic method in power converters for wind power generation system. Applied Energy266: 114851.
28.
MazareM (2024) Adaptive optimal secure wind power generation control for variable speed wind turbine systems via reinforcement learning. Applied Energy353: 122034.
29.
MazgarFNHaghMTTohidiS (2021) ESS equipped DFIG wind farm with coordinated power control under grid fault conditions. Journal Power Electronics21(1): 173–183.
30.
MerahiFBerkoukEMMekhilefS (2014) New management structure of active and reactive power of a large wind farm based on multilevel converter. Renewable Energy68: 814–828.
31.
MoghadamHMGheisarnejadMEsfahaniZ, et al. (2020) A novel supervised control strategy for interconnected DFIG-based wind turbine systems: MiL validations. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence5(6): 962–971.
32.
MohssineC (2018) A comparative study of PI, RST and ADRC control strategies of a doubly fed induction generator based wind energy conversion system. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research8(2): 964–973.
33.
MoosaviSSKazemiAAkbariH (2019) A comparison of various open-circuit fault detection methods in the IGBT-based DC/AC inverter used in electric vehicle. Engineering Failure Analysis96: 223–235.
34.
PhungBNWuYKPhamMH (2024) Coordinated frequency regulation between DFIG-VSWTs and BESS hybrid systems. Energies17(13): 3099.
35.
PoitiersFBouaouicheTMachmoumM (2009) Advanced control of a doubly-fed induction generator for wind energy conversion. Electric Power Systems Research79: 1085–1096.
36.
RazzhivinIASuvorovAAUfaRA, et al. (2023) The energy storage mathematical models for simulation and comprehensive analysis of power system dynamics: a review. Part II. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy48(15): 6034–6055.
37.
RoyTKGhoshSKSahaS (2023) Stability enhancement of battery energy storage and renewable energy-based hybrid AC/DC microgrids using terminal sliding mode backstepping control approaches. ISA Transactions142: 40–56.
38.
RuojueLManYLeeCK, et al. (2021) Comparative sustainability efficiency measurement of energy storages under uncertainty: an innovative framework based on interval SBM model. Journal of Energy Storage40: 102808.
39.
SaihiLFerroudjiFRoummaniK, et al. (2025) PSO-optimized sensor-less sliding mode control for variable speed wind turbine chains based on DPIG with neural-MRAS observer. Wind Engineering49(1): 142–161.
40.
SherHAAddoweeshKEKhalidZ, et al. (2017) Theoretical and experimental analysis of inverter fed induction motor system under DC link capacitor failure. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences29(2): 103–111.
41.
SinghPAroraKRathoreUC, et al. (2024) Comparative study of controllers in battery energy storage system integrated with doubly fed induction generator-based wind energy conversion system for power quality improvement. Energy Reports11: 4587–4600.
42.
SmdaniGIslamMRAhmadYAN, et al. (2023) Performance evaluation of advanced energy storage systems: a review. Energy & Environment34(4): 1094–1141.
43.
SoomroMAMemonZAKumarM (2020) PWM based VSC for power quality assessment of grid integrated DFIG-WECS. International Journal of Integrated Engineering12(6): 239–252.
44.
SoomroMAMemonZAKumarM, et al. (2021) Wind energy integration: dynamic modeling and control of DFIG based on super twisting fractional order terminal sliding mode controller. Energy Reports7: 6031–6043.
45.
SoomroMMemonZAKumarM, et al. (2025) A review of single stage and multistage power converters for doubly fed induction generator integrated with power grid. Wind Engineering49(2): 513–535.
46.
StallonSRDRajkumaMN (2021) Improving the performance of grid-connected doubly fed induction generator by fault identification and diagnosis: a kernel PCA-ESMO technique. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems31(8): e12844.
47.
WangJBoDMiaoQ, et al. (2021) Maximum power point tracking control for a doubly fed induction generator wind energy conversion system based on multivariable adaptive super-twisting approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems124: 106347.
48.
WangZWuJLiuR, et al. (2024) A P-Q coordination control strategy of VSC-HVDC and BESS for LVRT recovery performance enhancement. Electronics13(4): 741.
49.
YahiaouiMAKinnaertMGyselinckJ (2024) Robust diagnosis of multiple open-circuit faults in DFIG wind turbines in both sub-and super-synchronous operating modes. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics12(1): 1054–1067.
50.
ZhouHJuPXueY, et al. (2016) Probabilistic equivalent model of DFIG-based wind farms and its application in stability analysis. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy4(2): 248–255.
