The rural landscapes of Nagaon district in Assam, situated in the floodplains of the Brahmaputra valley in India, are characterized by intricate relationships between hydrological conditions, land use practices, and water resource management. The present study delves into understanding these relationships and their implications for agricultural sustainability utilizing the rural hydrological approach. To achieve its objective, the study employed a range of methods such as stakeholder surveys, oral interviews, dag surveys, hydropattern analysis, and participatory rural appraisal (PRA). The findings reveal significant variations in hydropatterns across villages and seasons, influencing crop growth and land use decisions. Traditional land classification based on hydrological conditions guides agricultural practices, with farmers strategically selecting rice varieties to suit specific environments. Moreover, the transition from surface water to groundwater-based irrigation systems has enhanced agricultural productivity while raising concerns about groundwater sustainability. The applicability of findings extends beyond Nagaon district, offering insights into managing water resources in agricultural landscapes in rural areas worldwide and fostering resilience in rural communities facing similar challenges.
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