In this article, anthropology is seen as a Western cosmopolitics that consolidated
itself as a formal academic discipline in the 20th century within a growing Western
university system that expanded throughout the world. Like other cosmopolitics,
anthropology reflects the historical dynamics of the world system, especially those
related to the changing roles ‘alterity’ may play in
international and national scenarios. Some of the most fundamental changes in
anthropology in the last century were due to changes in the subject position of
anthropology’s ‘object’ par excellence, native peoples
all over the planet. But, currently, there is another element which was never duly
incorporated by previous critiques and is bound to impact anthropology: the
increased importance of the non-hegemonic anthropologists in the production and
reproduction of knowledge. Changes in the conditions of conversability among
anthropologists located in different loci of the world system will impact the
tension between metropolitan provincialism and provincial cosmopolitanism, increase
horizontal communication and create more plural world anthropologies.
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