To propose that literature and culture can be viewed as intelligent systems requires a revisiting of what we understand by ‘intelligent systems’. This commentary outlines the potential (and also the limits) of such an approach, and offers a short overview of the connections between literature, culture, and intelligent systems, which are explored in more depth in the contributions to this special issue.
AmeelLievenCrapsStef. 2020. “Flooded Cities in Low Countries Fiction: Referentiality and Indeterminate Allegory in Renate Dorrestein’s Weerwater and Roderik Six’s Vloed.” Green Letters: Studies in Ecocriticism24 (1): 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/14688417.2020.1752507
2.
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3.
BlairDavidMeyer.Tom1997. “Tools for an Interactive Virtual Cinema.” In Creating Personalities for Synthetic Actors: Towards Autonomous Personality Agents, edited by TrapplRobertoPetraPaolo, 83–91. Berlin: Springer.
CaveStephenDihalKantaDillonSarah, ed. 2020. AI Narratives. A History of Imaginative Thinking about Intelligent Machines. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
GuillenClaudio.1971. Literature as System: Essays Toward the Theory of Literary History. Berlin/Bosten: De Gruyter.
11.
HaylesN. Katherine. 2017. Unthought: The Power of the Cognitive Nonconscious.Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press.
12.
IngardenRoman.1973. The Cognition of the Literary Work of Art. Translated by Ruth Ann Crowley and Kenneth R. Olson. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
IserWolfgang.1972. “The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach.” New Literary History3 (2): 279–99.
15.
IshiguroKazuo.2021. Klara and the Sun.Faber and Faber.
16.
JasanoffSheila. 2015. “Future Imperfect: Science, Technology, and the Imaginations of Modernity.” In Dreamscapes of Modernity: Sociotechnical Imaginaries and the Fabrication of Power, edited by Sheila Jasanoff, and Sang-Hyun Kim, 1–33. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17.
JervisRobert.1997. System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life.Princeton: Princeton University Press.
18.
KosinskiMichal. 2013. “Theory of Mind Might Have Spontaneously Emerged in Large Language Models.” arXiv, Cornell University, 2023, arxiv.org/abs/ 2302.02083. Accessed 20 March 2023.
19.
KronenfeldDavid B.2018. Culture as a System: How We Know the Meaning and Significance of What We Do and Say. London: Routledge.
20.
KuhnJonas. 2019. "Computational Text Analysis within the Humanities: How to Combine Working Practices from the Contributing Fields?" Language Resources & Evaluation 53: 565–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-019-09459-3.
21.
LivelyGenevieveThomasSam. 2020. “Homer’s Intelligent Machines: AI in Antiquity.” In AI Narratives, edited by CaveStephenDihalKantaDillonSarah, 25–48. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
22.
MateasMichaelSengersPhoebe. 1999. “Narrative Intelligence.” In AAAI Fall Symposium on Narrative Intelligence. North Falmouth, MA: The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. November 5–7.
23.
MiltonJohn. 1890 [1644]. Areopagitica, A Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing, to the Parliament of England. New York: Grolier Club.
24.
MolinaMartin. 2022. "What Is an Intelligent System?" arXiv. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09083v3.
25.
ReiterNilsPichlerAxelKuhnJonas. 2020. Reflektierte algorithmische Textanalyse: Interdisziplinäre(s) Arbeiten in der CRETA-Werkstatt. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110693973
26.
RiedlMark O.2016. “Computational Narrative Intelligence: a Human-Centered Goal for Artificial Intelligence.” CHI 2016 Workshop on Human-Centered Machine Learning. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1602.06484
27.
SchossauJoryHinzeArendt. 2023. “Towards a Theory of Mind for Artificial Intelligence Agents.” Ghost in the Machine: Proceedings of the 2023 Artificial Life Conference. July 24–28. https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00605
ShawI. S.1998. “What is an Intelligent System?”. In Fuzzy Control of Industrial Systems: Theory and Application,1–3. Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2813-2_1.
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WilliamsJessicaFioreStephen M.JentschFlorian. 2022. “Supporting Artificial Social Intelligence With Theory of Mind.” Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence5. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.750763
31.
WoolfVirginia. 1966 [1927]. "The Narrow Bridge of Art." In: Virginia Woolf. Collected Essays, ed. Leonard Woolf. Vol. 2. London: Hogarth Press. 218-229.
32.
ZepetnekTeven Tötösy de. 2015. “Systems Theories and the Study of Literature and Culture.” Comparative Literature67 (1): 1–10. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24694544.
