Nanocomposites contain only a very small amount of modified layered silicates as fillers. The flame retardant mechanism in nanocomposites is based on the extremely effective char formation during decomposition as a result of combustion. This char provides a thermal protection for the polymer, prevents further decomposition, and also delays the release of flammable gases during combustion. The cone calorimeter is the most suitable instrument for measuring these effects. Nanocomposites have significant advantages over traditional flame retardant systems such as aluminium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.
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