Music is widely regarded as a positive contributor to mental well-being, yet emerging evidence suggests that (aspiring) professional musicians face elevated mental health risks. Despite growing research interest, no comprehensive review has synthesised the existing literature on musicians’ mental health. This scoping review addresses this gap by mapping research trends, identifying key mental health outcomes in musicians, and examining associated factors. Articles were collected from Scopus, PsycInfo, and PubMed, with 89 peer-reviewed studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Following the methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Peters et al. (2020), this review analysed (a) study and sample characteristics, (b) mental health outcomes studied, and (c) factors associated with musicians’ mental health. Most studies (66.2%) examined mental ill-health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression, and distress), whereas 19.8% focused on positive mental health (e.g., well-being and life satisfaction), and 16.9% combined both perspectives. Various work-related demands (e.g., financial instability, performance anxiety, and playing-related health problems) were frequently linked to poor mental health outcomes. Intervention studies were scarce, highlighting the need for evidence-based approaches to support musicians’ well-being. Future research should adopt more diverse methodologies and explore targeted interventions. Applied initiatives should focus on structural changes within the industry and better mental health support systems for musicians.
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