Seven cases of leiomyoma of the thoracic esophagus were successfully treated by simple extramucosal enucleation of the neoplasm, and one case of leiomyoma of the cardia was cured after esophago-gastric resection. The rarity of this neoplasm, which often shows a non-esophageal symptomatology, is emphasised and the diagnostic aids are described. The treatment of choice is conservative surgery, which is indicated in all cases, both because of the expanding character of the lesion and its possible malignant evolution.
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