Several ethnobiological studies have used the Jaccard Index, a qualitative, binary measure, to compare group similarities and differences in lists of plant and animal species, medicinals, foods, cultural utilities, and so on. We extend this effort by formulating the Nolan Index, a new, more precise quantitative measure of the relative frequency of listed items to compare similarities and differences between groups . It is deployed here to evaluate the degree of similarity of free-listed, wild plants between novices and experts in rural Missouri.
AmjadM.QaeemM.AhmadI.KhanS.ChaudhariS.MalikN.ShaheenH.KhanA.. 2017. “Descriptive Study of Plant Resources in The Context of The Ethnomedicinal Relevance of Indigenous Flora: A Case Study from Toli Peer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.” PLoS One, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171896.
2.
BarthaS.QuaveC.BaloghL.PappN.. 2015. “Ethnoveterinary Practices of Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania.” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine11: 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0020-8.
3.
BelichenkoO.KolosovaV.MelnikovD.SoukandR.. 2021. “Language of Administration as a Border: Wild Food Plants Used by Setos and Russians in Pechorsky District of Pskov Oblast, NW Russia.” Foods10: 367.
4.
BrewerD.1995. “Cognitive Indicators of Knowledge in Semantic Domains.” Journal of Quantitative Anthropology5: 107–28.
5.
ClarkeR.SomerfieldP.ChapmanM.. 2006. “On Resemblance Measures for Ecological Studies, Including Taxonomic Dissimilarities, and A Zero-Adjusted Bray–Curtis Coefficient for Denuded Assemblages.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology330: 55–80.
6.
FieldJ.1970. “The Use of Numerical Methods to Determine Benthic Distribution Patterns from Dredgings in False Bay.” Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa39: 183–200.
Gonzalez-TejeroR. M.Casares-PorcelC.Sanchez-RojasJ.Ramiro-GutierreźJ.Molero-MesaA.PieroniM.GiustiE., et al.2008. “Medicinal plants in the Mediterranean area: Synthesis of the Results of the Project Rubia.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology116: 341–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.045.
9.
HöftM.BarikS.LykkeA.. 1999. Quantitative Ethnobotany. Applications of Multivariate and Statistical Analyses in Ethnobotany. People and Plants working paper 6. Paris: UNESCO.
10.
JaccardP.1901. “Étude Comparative de la Distribution Florale dans Une Portion des Alpes et des Jura.” Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles37: 547–579.
11.
KayaniS.AhmadM.Sultana aS.ShinwariZ.ZafarM.YaseenG.HussainM.BibiT.. 2015. “Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants Among The Communities of Alpine and Sub-Alpine Regions of Pakistan.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology164: 186–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.004.
12.
KrebsC.1999. Ecological Methodology. 2nd ed.Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Welsey.
13.
KunwarR.MahatL.AcharyaR.BussmannR.. 2013. “Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine, Markets, and Management in Far-West Nepal Ripu.” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine9: 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-24.
LiuY.HuR.ShenS.ZhangZ.QiangS.. 2020. “Plant Diversity in Herbal Tea and Its Traditional Knowledge in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, China.” Plant Diversity42: 464–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.002.
16.
LudwigJ.ReynoldsJ.. 1988. Statistical Ecology : A Primer on Methods and Computing. New York: Wiley & Sons.
17.
LudwinskyR.CavalhieriA.KujawskaM.PeroniN.HanazakiN.. 2021. “If There’s No Dill, The Taste Isn’t Right!” A Comparison of Food Plant Knowledge Between Polish and German Descendants in the Context of an Imagined Culinary Community in Brazil.” Journal Ethnic Foods8: 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-021-00083-7.
18.
MalikK.AhmadaM.ZhangbG.RashidaN.ZafaraM.SultanaaS.ShahS.. 2018. “Traditional Plant-Based Medicines Used to Treat Musculoskeletal Disorders in Northern Pakistan.” European Journal of Integrative Medicine19: 17–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2018.02.003.
19.
MattaliaG.StryametsN.GrygorovychA.PieroniA.SoukandR.. 2021. “Borders at Crossroads: The Diverging Routes of Herbal Knowledge of Romanians Living on the Romanian and Ukrainian Sides of Bukovina.” Frontiers of Pharmacology11: 1–24.
20.
MeirelesM. P. A.de AlbuquerqueU. P.de MedeirosP. M.. 2021. “What Interferes with Conducting Free Lists? A Comparative Ethnobotanical Experiment.” Journal of Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine17: 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-021-00432-5.
21.
MustafaB.HajdariA.PieroniA.PulajB.KoroX.QuaveC.. 2015. “A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Folk Plant Uses Among Albanians, Bosniaks, Gorani and Turks Living in South Kosovo.” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine11: 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0023-5.
22.
NolanJ.2001. “Pursuing the Fruits of Knowledge: Cognitive Ethnobiology in Missouri’s Little Dixie.” Journal of Ethnobiology21: 29–51.
23.
NolanJ.2007. Wild Harvest in the Heartland: Ethnobotany in Missouri’s Little Dixie. Lanham, MD: University of America.
24.
PieroniA.CatteroV.. 2019. “Wild Vegetables Do Not Lie: Comparative Gastronomic Ethnobotany and Ethnolinguistics on The Greek Traces of The Mediterranean Diet of Southeastern Italy.” Foods33: 198–211. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062018abb0323.
25.
PieroniA.CianfaglioneK.NedelchevaA.HajdariA.Mustafa4B.QuaveC.. 2014. “Resilience at The Border: Traditional Botanical Knowledge Among Macedonians and Albanians Living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania.” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine10: 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-31https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-31.
26.
PieroniA.GiustiM.QuaveC.. 2011. “Cross-Cultural Ethnobiology in the Western Balkans: Medical Ethnobotany and Ethnozoology Among Albanians and Serbs in the Pešter Plateau, Sandžak, South-Western Serbia.” Human Ecology39: 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9401-3.
27.
PorcherV.CarriereS.RandriambanonaH.RafidisonV.Reyes-GarciaV.. 2022. “Growing Up in the Betsileo Landscape: Children’s Wild Edible Plants Knowledge in Madagascar.” PLoS One17 (2), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264147.
28.
PrakofjewaJ.AneggM.KalleR.SimanovaA.PruseB.PieroniA.SoukandR.. 2022. “Diverse in Local, Overlapping in Official Medical Botany: Critical Analysis of Medicinal Plant Records from The Historic Regions of Livonia and Courland in Northeast Europe, 1829–1895.” Plants11 (8): 1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11081065.
29.
PrūseB.SimanovaA.MežakaI.KalleR.PrakofjewaJ.HolstaI.LaizāneS.SõukandR.. 2021. “Active Wild Food Practices Among Culturally Diverse Groups in the 21st Century Across Latgale, Latvia.” Biology10: 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060551.
30.
QuinlanM.2017. “The Free-Listing Method.” In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, edited by LiamputtongP., 1–6. Singapore: Springer International.
31.
RahmanI.RHartA.AfzalZ.IqbalF.IjazE.Abd AllahN.AliS., et al.2019. “A New Ethnobiological Similarity Index for The Evaluation of Novel Use Reports.” Applied Ecology and Environmental Research17: 2765–2777. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1702_27652777.
32.
RobbinsM.NolanJ.. 2019. “Free-List Measures of Cognitive Sharing and Organization; Ethnobotany in Rural Missouri.” Field Methods31: 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X18824679.
33.
SivasankariB.AnandharajM.GunasekaranP.. 2014. “An Ethnobotanical Study of Indigenous Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Used by the Village Peoples of Thoppampatti, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology153: 408–24.
34.
SõukandR.KalleR.PieroniA.. 2022. “Homogenisation of Biocultural Diversity: Plant Ethnomedicine and Its Diachronic Change in Setomaa and Võromaa, Estonia, in the Last Century.” Biology11: 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020192.
35.
StryametsN.FontefrancescoM.MattaliaG.PrakofjewaJ.PieroniA.KalleR.StryametsG.SoukandR.. 2021. “Just Beautiful Green Herbs: Use of Plants in Cultural Practices in Bukovina and Roztochya, Western Ukraine.” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine17: 12.
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
